I. Strategic industries and key research areas 1. Strategic industry in developed countries As a new material and emerging technology with great market potential and development prospects, nanomaterials and nanotechnology have received widespread attention from all over the world. In order to maintain its leading position in nanomaterials and nanotechnology, improve the country's competitiveness, and seize the strategic high ground of nanomaterials and nanotechnology, in recent years, governments have formulated relevant development strategies and plans, invested heavily in supporting nanomaterials and nanometers. Research and development of technology, focusing on the industrialization of nanomaterials. United States On January 21, 2001, US President Bill Clinton announced the National Nanotechnology Program (NNI), and in the fiscal year 2001, provided nearly $500 million in research and development funding for this initiative. (See Figure 2-1, Table 2-1) Japan Established the "Promoting Nanotechnology Symposium" to study and formulate key issues for the research and development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in Japan in the future, as well as the implementation of the "Guidelines for the Production and Government Studies" to promote the "Nanotechnology Strategy." The three main government agencies that fund nanomaterials and nanotechnology in Japan are the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Education. In 1996, the three agencies allocated $120 million to nanomaterials and nanotechnology. The Japanese government has made nanomaterials and nanotechnology one of the strategic priorities for technological development in the next five years in the new science and technology basic plan in 2001. In 2001, it allocated 51.22 billion yen. (See Table 2-2) [Table 2-1: US National Nano-Project Investment Content (Unit: Million US Dollars)] Europe In 1988-1998, European countries invested about 69 million euros in research and development related to nanotechnology. There are 15 projects related to nanomaterials and nanotechnology that were launched in Europe in 1999 alone. (See Table 2-3) In addition, India, a developing country that has tasted a huge sweetness in the software industry, also invested $300 million in nanotechnology in 2001, trying to win another place in the new technology industry revolution. Switzerland, Sweden, Russia, South Korea and other countries are also active. [Table 2-2: Japan's investment in nanomaterials and nanotechnology] [Table 2-3: European countries investing in the nano-field] 2. Key areas and power distribution According to the survey, the focus of countries in the field of nanomaterials research is not the same. The United States focuses on the synthesis, processing and characterization of nanostructured materials; Japan mainly studies the measurement and evaluation of biomimetic materials and nanomaterials in processing; Germany focuses on the development of the latest nanostructures, ultra-fine surface measurements. The research fields and strengths of nanomaterials in major countries are as follows: (see Table 2-4) [Table 2-4: National Nanomaterials Research Fields and Power Distribution] The most advanced countries in the world for nanotechnology and nanomaterials are the United States, Japan, Germany, and the United Kingdom, and the industrialization of these countries has reached a considerable scale. Second, the number of patent applications and papers With the rapid development of research on nanomaterials and nanotechnology, the number of patents filed by countries and the number of reports in the literature have increased dramatically in recent years. Among them, the annual relative growth rate of the literature volume is 33.3%, which doubles in about two years. A literature search on nanomaterials and nanotechnology collected by CCOD from 1993 to 1996 showed that the total number of documents collected was about 765,000, with an annual average of about 190,000; a total of 5,737 articles related to nanotechnology were collected, among which 5721 articles are journal articles, covering English, German, Russian, Japanese and other languages, distributed in 368 journals. (See Figure 2-2) Retrieving the patents of the US Patent Information Library from 1976-2001 on nanotechnology is as follows, which shows that nanomaterials and nanotechnology have developed rapidly in recent years. (See Figure 2-3) [Figure 2-3: Growth of US Nano Patents] Third, the scale of the industry and the prospects for market development 1. Nanomaterial industry has begun to take shape Foreign nanomaterials and their products have entered the market since 1994, and the economic benefits created have increased at an annual rate of 20%. Nanomaterials that have been produced on a large scale include diamonds, magnetic materials, metals, ceramics, composite materials, Semiconductor materials, and biomedical materials. The most advanced countries in nanotechnology and nanomaterials are the United States, Japan, Germany and the United Kingdom. Before 1998, more than 50 companies in the United States participated in the development and production of nanomaterials to varying degrees, and at least 12 of them had industrial scale production of nanomaterials. Japan is a leader in the field of nanocomposites. In the 1990s, Japan produced a total output value of ultra-fine powder for ceramics of 7.15 billion US dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 15.8%. Europe is a leader in dispersion, coating and new instrumentation applications. In the 1990s, the production value of nano-scale ceramic powders in Western Europe was 1.5 billion US dollars, with an annual growth rate of 18.9%. 2. Nanomaterials market has broad prospects Nano-powder materials will inject new high-tech content into traditional industries and products in the modification of rubber, pigments and ceramic products. They will occupy an important market share in the future and have a very broad development prospect. Taking the application market of nanomaterials as the direction of research and development, improving efficiency and capital utilization, and combining nanotechnology with existing mature micron technology to achieve scientific breakthroughs and practical application of technology are the ultimate goals of nanotechnology research in various countries. 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Abstract I. Strategic industry and key research areas 1. Strategic industries in developed countries As new materials and emerging technologies with great market potential and development prospects, nanomaterials and nanotechnology have received widespread attention from all over the world. In order to maintain the nanomaterials and nanotechnology side...