In this ecosystem, agricultural pests are both a constituent member and subject to this ecosystem. Each component is interdependent and mutually constrained. Any one of the components changes, directly or indirectly, temporarily or permanently. The ground affects the relative stability (balance) of the entire ecosystem, leading to changes in the extent and extent of pest species and their populations. Integrated prevention and control means using natural control and coordinating the use of all appropriate technologies to control and maintain the population of pests below the allowable level of economic damage. Only when it is predicted that the harmful density exceeds the prescribed allowable level of damage, in order to temporarily reduce Their density requires the prevention and control of chemical agents. First, the main ways of pest control 1. Change the composition of the biome The purpose is to reduce the number and quantity of harmful organisms in the community, and increase the types and quantities of natural enemies and beneficial organisms, so as to effectively control the occurrence of pests and diseases. There are two specific measures. One is to implement plant quarantine, to prevent the introduction of new pests, to limit the spread of dangerous pests and pests; the second is to introduce, domesticate, prevent and protect natural enemies. 2. Environmental conditions that worsen the occurrence of pests The aim is to reduce the amount of its occurrence and increase its mortality rate so that the amount of harmful organisms is reduced to such an extent that it does not cause economic losses. The main way to achieve this task is to adopt a series of agricultural cultivation techniques. 3. Improve crop resistance Including two aspects, one is to enhance the ability of the crop itself to resist or endure pests, and the other is to stagger the dangerous growth period of the crop and the period of the pests and diseases, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing or avoiding the damage, mainly adopting resistant breeding and Agricultural control measures to improve cultivation techniques. 4, directly kill the pests that have occurred Mainly relying on chemical control and physical and mechanical control, it can also take biological control and agricultural control methods. Second, the main prevention and treatment methods of pests and diseases (technical) According to the above principles and approaches for the prevention and control of pests and diseases, people have created a variety of prevention and control methods in the long-term struggle with pests, and gradually realized that any single control method is difficult to achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, in order to control the harmfulness of pests safely, economically and effectively, comprehensive prevention and control must be implemented. Specifically, there are the following major categories: plant quarantine, agricultural control, biological control, physical and mechanical control, and chemical control. (i) Phytosanitary Phytosanitary is the use of laws (such as the phytosanitary regulations and its implementation rules, Hebei Province phytosanitary measures, etc.) to prevent dangerous diseases, insects, weeds along with plants and plant products (such as seeds, seedlings, tubers, roots, plant products) The packaging materials, etc.) spread and spread, ensuring the safe production of agriculture and ensuring the smooth development of foreign trade. (2) Agricultural control Agricultural control is based on the relationship between pests, crops and environmental conditions. Through agricultural cultivation techniques, the farmland ecological environment is purposefully changed, which is beneficial to the growth of crops and the proliferation of beneficial organisms, and is not conducive to pests. The occurrence of harm, so as to avoid or reduce the pests and diseases, to protect crops to increase production. It is an economical, simple, safe and effective prevention method. 1. Cultivation and utilization of resistant varieties Production practices in various places have proven that the use of resistant varieties to control pests and diseases is the most economical and effective method. In the 1990s, the cotton bollworm on cotton was once outbreaked, and then the BT gene-resistant hybrid cotton was gradually planted. The occurrence of cotton bollworm was gradually controlled, and the degree of occurrence decreased year by year. So far, the control of cotton bollworm has not been like That was the case. 2. Changing the cultivation system The formation of a farming system requires a process, and once formed, there is a stage in which it is loved to be stable. This relatively stable cultivation system constitutes the farmland-specific farmland ecological environment, determines the pest and disease community that suits it, and sets the foundation for the occurrence and occurrence of pests and diseases. Therefore, with the change of farming and cultivation system, it will definitely cause changes in the farmland ecological environment, which will inevitably lead to changes in pest and disease communities, especially dominant populations, and promote the increase in the number of certain pests and diseases, and the decline in the number of other pests and diseases, resulting in the occurrence of pests and diseases. The new characteristics of development, especially at the beginning of the restructuring, the new and old farming systems are in a transitional phase of replacement, especially in the transitional stage. 3. Reasonably adjust the layout of crop varieties The layout of the variety has a very close relationship with the occurrence of pests and diseases. Due to the large differences in fertility characteristics among crop varieties, there is a significant difference in quality and quantity in the spine foods of pests and diseases, which directly affects the population growth of pests and diseases. For example, in rice areas, the diversity of rice varieties can be used to effectively control the occurrence and damage of rice blast. In the insect-resistant cotton planting area, planting a certain proportion of non-insect-resistant cotton has a very important role in the occurrence and control of cotton bollworm. In the cotton field, when there are many types of crops and large areas, it is very beneficial for the occurrence of cotton field blind mites, cotton leaf mites and mites. 4. Practically strengthen field management (1) ploughing and ploughing This is not only an indispensable measure in agricultural production, but also a key part of preventing the paralysis of certain pests and diseases. Because it can directly destroy some places in the soil for winter and summer, killing the source of infection of these pests. For example, if winter ploughing turns over the plot, the effective wintering of cotton bollworm is 60% to 70% less than that of uncultivated. (2) Scientific management of water The amount of soil water content is usually an important reason for the occurrence of some pests and diseases, and it is also a key factor affecting crop growth. During the seedling cultivation of vegetables, the ditch around the seedbed is unblocked, and the drainage is good. It is usually difficult to induce seedling disease. In the rice area, wintering irrigation can cause the wintering larvae and mites of the stem borer to die in a short period of time. During the rice growth period, timely drainage and drying can significantly reduce the spawning and damage of the rice planthopper. (3) cultivating and weeding It is an important part of field management. It can not only play the role of loosening grass, retaining water and protecting fertilizer, promoting roots and strengthening rods, and early-on-the-life, but also directly or indirectly affecting the occurrence of pests and diseases, especially for some. Earth-based pests can play a certain role in prevention and treatment. For example, in the period of emergence of cotton bollworms, the cultivation of cotton fields can destroy the chambers of cotton bollworms, so that they cannot be safely smashed and feathered and cause death. In the early spring dryland crop field, timely removal of weeds in the field can reduce the occurrence and damage of small tigers and snails in the field. (4) Rational fertilization Fertilization is also the main content of field management. In order to obtain high yields, crops must be fertilized, but multi-fertilizers may not be able to produce high yields. The key lies in the word "reasonable". For pests and diseases, proper fertilization can control or alleviate the occurrence of some pests; improper fertilization often leads to outbreaks of pests and diseases, which increases the degree of damage. Bolts available from TS Hardware include a comprehensive range of threaded bolts, screws, studs and other essential components used for construction and industrial applications. We manufacture and supply bolts in an extensive selection of sizes, types and materials, including TC Bolts, sheer studs, self drilling screws, and more. 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