Russian super diamond mine clarification: little impact on industrial diamonds

Bi Lijun, Director of National Jewelry Quality Supervision and Inspection Center:

　　 After the "Pearl" mine in Russia was reported, it caused a lot of discussion in the industry. We also attach great importance to this and have been paying close attention. There is some misunderstanding in the dissemination of information about the “Pearl” mine in Perpigh, and in order to avoid confusion in the public, it needs to be clarified in time. We quickly convened the relevant mining experts to form a research team, actively investigate and understand, and collect and organize a research report accordingly. I hope that through the cooperation with the China Gold News, the correct information can be conveyed to the industry.

Ke Jie, Director of the National Jewelry Quality Supervision and Inspection Center:

So far, we have not obtained the ore samples from the pelt crater in Perpign, Russia, and we are not sure about the actual situation of the "diamonds" in the pelvic crater. Our research team is now actively contacting the Russian side, hoping to get the samples for analysis as soon as possible, to clarify the facts more macro, and to calm down the storm brought to the industry. Once we have obtained the mineral sample or new literature, we will officially announce it to the industry in cooperation with China Gold News.

Lu Taijin, Principal Investigator, Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Management Center, Ministry of Land and Resources:

According to available research data, the Russian “Phi Phi” “diamond” mine should be strictly a mixture of diamond, Lonsdale stone and graphite, and there is no large-grain transparent gem-quality diamond.

On September 17th, a Chinese translation of a report in the British "Daily Mail" was widely spread on the Internet, involving a Popigai diamond mine announced by Russia. Found in the 1970s, the mine is located in a crater more than 100 kilometers (60 miles) in diameter in eastern Siberia. “The reserves are estimated to exceed teraflops and meet the needs of the global market for 3,000 years.” This report caused great shocks in the country. At one time, there were rumors, and in the rumors, the remarks like "the price of diamonds will soon be Chinese cabbage" began to rise.

The "China Gold News" reporter responded quickly to this major event. Through an interview with industry experts, on September 25th, the "Ten Million Carat Diamond Mine" was reported, clarifying the translation of the Daily Mail. The misunderstandings in the case have corrected some of the errors that have occurred and have been greatly affirmed by the industry.

In order to further track the development of the incident and learn more professional and authoritative information, the reporter visited Bi Lijun and Ke Jie, directors of the National Jewelry Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, and under the guidance of the chief researcher Lu Taijin, obtained the Russian “Perpigue”. The crater "Diamond" mine has a clearer cognition.

Inadequate reporting raises six major questions

After explaining the news background of the "Pearl" mine incident in Perpigh, Lu Taijin talked about six questions raised by the "Diamond" mine in the pebbles crater in Russia: Is the news true? What impact does the “diamond” have on the world diamond market? What is the mineral composition of the "diamond"? How was the "diamond" formed? The physical characteristics of the "diamond"? What is the reserve and economic value?

Among the above questions, some of them have been resolved in the first report of the September 25th issue, and some of them are only involved in the first report, which is still uncertain. Under the explanation of Lu Taijin, the reporter identified some information that could not be confirmed in the first report and conducted a deeper understanding.

In the first report, the China Gold News traced its roots to the news release of the Information Telegraphic Agency of Russia-TASS, which was released at noon on September 16th. herein. The news that Russia announced the "Pearl" mine in Perpigh is true, but the report of the "Daily Mail" is obviously not rigorous enough, and there have been many misleading in the spread. First of all, the so-called estimated reserves of more than one trillion carats are not proven, and there is no relevant source of information. Secondly, it is exaggerated to meet the demand of the global gem market for 3,000 years. In fact, according to the existing literature, it is impossible for the Pipiga mine to have an impact on the gem market.

Misleading is not only in the text, but the map of the Daily Mail is also extremely misleading. One of the two maps is clearly misleading: the picture of a large-grain diamond is from a kimberlite-type diamond mine in Siberia, Russia, not from the diamonds produced by the “Pearl” mine in Perpigh; the other is more There was an error: the map of the pebbles of the Perpita is actually a photograph of the crater of Manicouagan in Canada.

The first misleading picture of the Yakut diamond mine diamonds misleads many people into thinking that these large-grain diamonds are produced in the Perpigues. In fact, the opposite is true: research that began as early as the 1970s has already It was found that a meteorite impact could not form a large grain diamond. Although the second map error did not cause serious industry misunderstanding, it further reflected the inconsistency reported in the Daily Mail.

It can be said that it is the report that the Daily Mail is not very rigorous, which has triggered the industry's misconceptions about Perpigue. The research team of the National Jewelry Quality Supervision and Inspection Center clarified the above six questions.

Lonsdale Stone is not diamond

Lu Taijin opened the door and said that according to the existing literature, there are three kinds of carbon minerals in the Perpigh mine, namely diamond, Lonsdale stone and graphite. The material found in the report that exceeds the hardness of diamonds is called Lonsdale Stone (also known as Lonsdaleite), which belongs to the same carbon crystal as diamond, but the molecular structure is very different and the physical properties are different. Lu Taijin further introduced that there are currently 8 types of carbon crystal structures known:

Diamond, graphite, Lancedale stone (hexagonal carbon), C-60, C-540, C-70, amorphous carbon, carbon nanotubes. Eight different molecular structures form eight different carbon monolayers with different physical properties such as hardness and color.

I believe that many people who come into contact with chemistry will have an impression. When the chemistry teacher seriously and seriously said that the composition of graphite and diamonds is carbon, many people will show a surprised expression. Surprise comes from the subversion of ideas and the infinite imagination that comes with it. Indeed, it is hard to imagine that the two colors, hardness and price, which are different from graphite and diamond, are the same as carbon, and can be converted under certain conditions.

The relationship between cheap graphite and expensive diamonds is reminiscent of many things that are irrelevant, such as fire and water, stones and jade. If we don't just stay in the stage of surprise, we will soon discover that the difference in molecular structure gives us different physical properties.

The relationship between Lonsdale stone and diamond is also the same. It is the same as carbon, but the molecular structure is different, and two substances with different physical properties are formed. Diamond is a cubic system, and Lonsdale is a hexagonal system.

Some people in Lonsdale Stone are called "impact diamonds". The color is yellow to light brown. It is extremely rare in nature. Most of the graphite on the meteor changes when it crashes into the earth. Del Stone. Because of the transfer from graphite, Lonsdale Stone retains the characteristics of the graphite parallel hexagonal lattice, forming a cubic hexagonal lattice.

The Lancedale stone is indeed harder than diamonds. Among the three hardest substances in the world, the first one is wurtzite boron nitride, the second is Lonsdale stone, and the third is diamond. Currently, Lonsdale Stone is found in the following places: Arizona, New Mexico, China's Liaoning Wafangdian and Russia's Perpigh. The material produced in the Perpignite Mine is very complex and is a polycrystalline aggregate. There are both Lonsdale stones and diamonds. The exact ratio of the two is not known, but it is certain that this will not happen. Any impact on the gem market.

Little impact on industrial diamonds

Lu Taijin told reporters that Lonsdale Stone was discovered in 1967 and named "hexagonal carbon" according to its mineral composition. Its commercial terms include Lonsdale Stone, Blue Silk, and Hexagonal Diamond. The name of gemstone is not yet available. National Jewelry Quality Supervision and Inspection Center recommends carbon stone. Strictly speaking, the Perpi cover mine should be a variety of carbon mineral deposits formed by meteorite impact.

After a detailed understanding of the situation of the Perpita mine, it is not difficult to find that this incident is a mythical process of the Perpapi mine. First of all, the reserves that claim to exceed one trillion carats have not yet been proven.

Dr. Lu Taijin told the reporter that the Lonsdale stone in the Perpigne mine is not derived from a meteor, but the gneiss from the Perpiga mine contains graphite, and the gneiss at the impact point of the meteorite only contains 1% graphite. At present, I don't know how much can be converted into Lonsdale Stone. In fact, the crystals formed by the meteorite impact are concentrated in the impact center of the semi-ring belt of 12 km to 13.6 km, which is not as exaggerated as the 100 km published in the Daily Mail. It is more speculative to meet the market demand for 3000 years.

Secondly, according to the existing literature, only a small amount of Lonsdale stones are currently found in craters, and the reserves are unknown. The crystals formed by the impact are mostly small brown particles such as 0.18 mm, and the structure is severely deformed, the lattice defects are many, and the gemstone level cannot be reached, let alone affect the gem-quality diamond market. Even though the final exploration found that Perpighi contains a large amount of industrial diamonds, it has little impact on the industrial diamond market, because according to the 2010 US Bureau of Survey Data, 98.6% of industrial diamonds come from high temperature and high pressure (HPHT) synthesis. Only 1.4% natural industrial diamonds. The current synthetic diamond technology is very mature and low in cost to meet the needs of the existing market.

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