Scientific planting, do a good job in increasing the yield of autumn vegetables

At present, Dongpo District, Meishan City, Sichuan Province is building a demonstration zone along the urban suburbs of Chengle Expressway, Chengdu-Kunming Railway, Intercity Light Rail, Provincial Highway 103, and Provincial Highway 106, and promote the “rice-vegetable-dish” Planting mode. At the moment when the autumn vegetables are ready for cultivation and planting, the reporter recently interviewed Luo Hongping, an agricultural technology expert at the Economic Crops Station of Dongpo District Agricultural Bureau, and asked her to tell us in detail how to scientifically grow autumn vegetables.

Planting mode

Grab two months of free insertion into a season of autumn vegetables

The so-called "rice-vegetable-vegetable" planting mode is to make full use of rice, harvesting and processing raw materials (such as radish, green vegetables, mustard) about 60 days of free time, planting a season of autumn vegetables, thus forming "rice (made Kind) - autumn vegetables - raw vegetables" rotation mode.

Luo Hongping said that first of all, it is necessary to coordinate the annual production process of rice fields so that the "rice-vegetable-vegetables" can be linked to the top. If autumn vegetables are selected from vegetable varieties such as solanaceous fruits and melons, then it is necessary to complete seedlings or fake plants in different places from June to July this year. Planting or sowing will be carried out in mid-August and harvested by the end of October.

When the autumn vegetables enter the maturity period in September and October, they will begin to prepare the processing of raw materials such as vegetables and mustard in different places, and in the middle and late October to mid-November, green vegetables and mustard will be planted. It will be harvested from February to March next year. At the beginning of March, the hybrid rice parent will be planted and nursed; from the end of April to the beginning of May, the hybrid rice mother will be planted and nursed, planted in mid-May, harvested in early August, and then enter autumn production.

Autumn vegetable sowing

Good selection, breeding, and planting "three customs"

Variety selection.

Due to the high temperature and rainy environment in the early stage of growth, Luo Hongping believes that autumn vegetables should use varieties with early maturity, good heat resistance and strong resistance. The short-lived fast-growing varieties in our city mainly include: Chinese cabbage, Chinese white, spinach, sunflower, American fast-growing lettuce, very early hybrid cabbage, red cabbage (50-60 days), amaranth, special selection Nine dishes, garlic, scallions, red radish and so on.

Luo Hongping specifically reminded the majority of farmers that some varieties need to be pre-planted and planted in different places before rice harvest. There are mainly early-breeding varieties with good economic value in all parts of the city: Qiuyandou (Chengyu No.7), autumn green beans (unreinforced green beans), autumn cucumber (Jinyou No.1), autumn eggplant (Purple Black No.6, Huaxia proud son), Qiuhai pepper (Zhujiaowang), early cauliflower (Xingsheng 50-80 days), early Chinese cabbage (Japanese summer general), early cabbage (Ganza No.1), lettuce (Thailand 2, Dongpo 2 No.), celery (new), etc.

Sowing seedlings.

Scientifically determine the sowing date. According to the requirements of various varieties, the seedling age is 20-25 days, and the cabbage is 30-35 days. Plus the harvest period of rice, the sowing period of autumn vegetables is reversed, that is, the suitable sowing time of autumn vegetables=germination time+appropriate seedling age . If it is not planted in time, the production of autumn vegetables will be dislocated.

Pay attention to low temperature germination technology to raise seedlings. Since the sowing period of autumn vegetables is in the high temperature season, it is difficult to germinate cold vegetables such as lettuce, alfalfa and garlic, and it is necessary to carry out low temperature germination. For example, the germination temperature of lettuce is 5-20 °C, and when it exceeds 30 °C, germination is blocked. It can be germinated by hanging wells or placed in the refrigerator freezer, basement or indoor cool place.

In addition, the use of “integrated integrated seedling nutrition base” for live seedling cultivation is now strongly advocated, which not only eliminates the use of seedlings and fake crops, reduces the occurrence of pests and diseases, and avoids slow seedlings, but also ensures a balanced supply of fertilizer during nursery. The purpose of not burning in the early stage and not de-fertilizing in the later stage.

Planting in the field.

Promote the use of greenhouses, shading nets and other facilities cultivation techniques to ensure the initial survival rate and normal growth and development of the vegetable seedlings. Luo Hongping said that because of the high temperature and rain and strong sunshine in the early stage of cultivation, it is best to use greenhouses and shade nets to cover the sun.

At the same time, according to the characteristics of various types of vegetables, it is advisable to implement "deep ditch high-box planting". As far as most vegetable producing areas in Dongpo District are concerned, there are many rains in autumn and large humidity in the field. Drainage and dehumidification become the key to successful cultivation of autumn vegetables. Be sure to open the "three ditch" (side ditch, furrow, central ditch) inside and outside the vegetable field, and plant the deep ditch high-cabin to ensure that the rain passes dry and the water does not accumulate in the car.

Autumn vegetable management

Both high yield and ecological

"It is necessary to increase production and increase income, but also to ensure quality and safety without pollution. This is the market cornerstone of the modern vegetable industry and a major test for the majority of vegetable farmers." Luo Hongping believes that there is no fertilizer and water security, and it is impossible to increase production and income; Prevent disease and cure insects. The best way to do both is to make a fuss about what to apply and when to make sure that the product is “qualified”.

First, rational fertilization should be used as much as possible. The growth period of vegetables in autumn is relatively short, and it can be harvested in about 1-3 months. For example, it takes only 3-5 days for cabbage to be harvested. In order to reach the standard of commercial vegetables in a short period of time and obtain high-quality, high-yield, pollution-free products, it is necessary to maintain a certain amount of available nutrients for the soil to be absorbed and utilized in a short period of time. This requires the use of fully decomposed organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, and timely topdressing in the growing season. For example, leafy vegetables can be mainly nitrogen fertilizer, other types of vegetables can be used for 10-20 kg of compound fertilizer, and combined with trace element fertilizer for root dressing to avoid the occurrence of deficiency syndrome.

Second, we must strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and try to adopt green prevention and control technology. Vigorously promote the use of "three incentives" technology, biological pesticides and pollution-free pesticides, chemical seed dressing, seedling stage, growth period and other stages of scientific use of drugs, ban high-toxic, high-residue pesticides, through agricultural control, physical control, biological control, chemistry Prevention and control methods for integrated pest control to ensure the quality and safety of vegetable products.

It is worth noting that the agricultural inputs prohibited by the Regulations shall not be used during the certain period of time before harvest (ie within the period specified in the Technical Regulations for the Production of Pollution-free Vegetables in Meishan City) and during the packaging, storage and transportation. Produce vegetable products that are both high-yield and safe.