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Xi'an decoration classroom Chen Gong home decoration can not know 400 questions

one. What are the main purposes of home decoration?<244> Byte The main purposes of home decoration are the following:
1. Re-dividing the living space to make the layout more reasonable. For example, some new-style houses are frame-type structures, and there is no partition between rooms and rooms. This requires the separation of bedrooms, living rooms, and restaurants through renovations.
2. Through the transformation of the original facilities, the functions are more complete and more convenient to use. For example, some old-style houses are squat toilets that can be replaced by toilets.
3. Through the use of various materials, make the room more beautiful and comfortable. For example, laying wooden floors or marble on the original concrete floor.
4. Through the use of lighting, color, decoration and other decorative means, the performance of the master's taste, and create a harmonious atmosphere.

two. What is the current trend of home decoration? <698> bytes home decoration currently presents the following trends:
1. Light decoration, heavy decoration. In the past, home decoration was more of a decoration, and the more styles, the more popular. Mainly reflected in the indoor wall, the top of the shape of too many lists. Naturally, this kind of living room is more chaotic after living, and this shape is fixed on the wall surface and the top surface, which brings two kinds of inconveniences: First, it greatly reduces the room for future changes in the living room; Second, it is more complicated. The styling cannot withstand long-term viewing and is easily out of date. Therefore, more consumers feel that this approach is more lenient and more tired, and they have chosen a concise, bright and focused design approach. They have seized one or two bright spots in the room while other places have taken it one by one, taking into account various design methods. Make the living room atmosphere simple, pure and harmonious.
2. Relocation of the focus of the renovation. With the increasing popularity of large living rooms and small bedroom units, living rooms, kitchens and bathrooms have gradually become the focus of home decoration. The living room can best show the living tastes and cultural tastes of the homeowners, and is therefore highly valued; the kitchen and bathroom can reflect the people's life concepts and standards, and thus occupy a larger proportion in home decoration.
3. From simple to simple. Corresponding to an increasingly fast pace of life, home improvement is now becoming increasingly simplistic. For example, in the past, radiators were almost always required for households, but many families now expose radiators outside. In the treatment of ceilings, many people only walk around with a plaster line to decorate, even if some home ceilings are often local ceilings. , And mainly single-layer, unlike the previous years as hanging two or more layers of top.
4. Pay attention to personality. Home decoration is the most demanding personality. However, the decoration of many families is very similar. Seeing others packing their own windows and doors sets them up, and the results are uniformly stereotyped. Something similar to see more, people gradually become tired of this featureless decoration, so the personality of love to people's attention.
5. Pay attention to environmental protection. With the improvement of living standards, everyone is paying more and more attention to health. Because some decoration materials may emit harmful gases or generate radiation, causing damage to the human body, they are gradually abandoned. Environmental protection products have become the primary choice for more and more people.

three. How to make home decoration green? <1314> Byte home decoration must create a green and environmentally friendly indoor environment, so that no pollution, pollution, and help people's health.
Radon is the only natural radioactive gas in the natural world. It is a radioactive material produced during the decay of radioactive elements such as radium, thorium and potassium contained in building materials. It can enter the human respiratory system and cause radiation damage and induce lung cancer. It also affects humans. The nervous system makes people sleepy and lethargic. Formaldehyde mainly causes harm to the respiratory system and has been recognized as a suspected carcinogen by the World Health Organization. The benzene and benzene series have also been identified as carcinogenic by the World Health Organization. People inhale high concentrations of toluene and xylene in a short period of time. Symptoms of central nervous system paralysis can occur. Lightness can lead to dizziness, nausea, chest tightness, and fatigue. Severe coma can occur, causing respiratory failure and death. Benzene is mainly irritating to the skin, eyes and upper respiratory tract. People who have been exposed to benzene mixtures for a long period of time have a higher incidence of aplastic anemia and can cause leukemia. Inhalation of large amounts of toluene by pregnant women may cause fetal malformations, central nervous system dysfunction and growth retardation and other defects. Therefore, home decoration must reduce the pollution of these harmful substances.
Home decoration needs to be green, not absolute pollution. Any decoration will cause indoor pollution, but as long as the degree of pollution does not exceed the national standard range, it will not cause harm to the human body. At present, the maximum allowable indoor harmful gas concentration in our country, formaldehyde is 0.08 mg/m3, ammonia is 0.5 mg/m3, and cesium is 100-200 bq/m3.
To practice green home improvement, pay attention to the following aspects:
1. Design: The home decoration design should be concise and use, artificial wood plates should be used as little as possible. For example, the content of formaldehyde in the blockboard (also called big core board) is very high, and the design should minimize the use of blockboard as the basis. Material shapes, furniture, etc. When designing, the air in the room must be fully taken into account because the formaldehyde in the paints and emulsion paints produced by the regular manufacturers can be reduced to the prescribed level if they are released through ventilation for a certain period of time. If the room design is closed, ventilation is required. Poor, it is not conducive to the exclusion of harmful substances.
2. Material Selection: Strict selection of safety and environmental protection materials, such as the use of formaldehyde-free adhesives, blockboards, and veneer panels, can reduce pollution. Paint is an indispensable material in the painting of the walls. The content of benzene is very large. If environmental-friendly water-based coatings are used and less paint is used, the hazard of benzene can be greatly reduced. When selecting materials, we must pay attention to see if there are green signs of environmental protection products, and try to choose materials with small irritating odors. Be sure to ask the merchant for a product test report to see if it passes the inspection of a national professional agency, and try to use a product with a reputation and market reputation.
3. Construction: Use non-toxic, less toxic, non-polluting and less polluting construction techniques. Now many crafts still stay at a very low level, like viscose, paint, etc., itself is very easy to cause pollution; now when the wall is brushed, 107 glue is often used to putty, but 107 glue contains a lot of formaldehyde, has been the national construction The Ministry listed as phase-out building materials and prohibited the use of it. In addition, the non-standard construction process has also greatly increased indoor pollution. Therefore, formal decoration company construction should be selected to ensure that the construction process is green and safe.

four. What are the styles of home decoration? <637> Bytes The main style of home decoration can be roughly divided into classical, modern, harmonious, and natural.
1. Classical style: Designed on the basis of European, American or Chinese traditional styles, it is characterized by gorgeousness, quietness, and elegantness. The patterns of furniture, lighting, and textiles are based on traditional styles. The colors are dark red, purple, dark green and so on. Strong, deep, solemn, and decorative.
2. Modern style: In the simple design, you can feel the modern, functional, tangible personality concept. Colors are often based on brown series (light brown, brown, ivory) or grey series (white, gray) and other intermediate colors. Materials are usually glass, fireproof panels, metal, modern composite materials, etc. nice.
3. Genre style: The style formed by the combination of traditional Japanese style and modern functional lifestyle. It is based on the natural colors of the trees themselves, and focuses on the traditional Japanese colors. Natural materials include pine, bamboo, cypress, Japanese paper, etc., with a sense of dignity. Tatami, sliding doors, painted walls, etc. are used for interior design.
4. Natural style: It is pleasant, comfortable, relaxed and full of vitality. Based on natural materials and soft colors. Colors are based on ivory and natural tones. Natural materials such as cotton, linen, rattan, and wood are used to make the room youthful, simple, and cheerful.
The style of home decoration also includes Chinese and European styles. But in fact, no matter how the home decoration style is classified, it is not absolute. And, in the specific decoration, it is hard to say which decoration belongs to which style. Because most of the decoration is often combined with several styles. For example, in a living room, next to a Japanese-style sliding door, Chinese calligraphy and painting on the wall, and an Italian sofa on the floor. If it is well-designed, it is also harmonious, but it is difficult for you to tell which style it is.

Fives. Why should family decoration have advanced consciousness? <1006> Byte Today's home decoration style and furniture accessories are just like clothing, one style per year, and one color per year. New materials, new processes, new design concepts, and new design styles continue to emerge, coupled with the owner's aesthetic point of view will continue to change, the family decoration style is easily out of date. But decoration is not a trivial matter for a family. The funds invested in the family account for a considerable proportion. Once renovated, it is impossible to make major changes in three to five years. In such a long time, in the face of changing trends, it is necessary to make your home decoration not outdated and without repeated investment.
1. In some shapes of home decoration, it should not be too complicated. The appearance of fancy looks easy to be annoying for a long time. The more fashionable things are easy to get out of date early. In the choice of wall decoration and furniture, we must first look at the material and look at the model. In fact, simple and generous is the most beautiful, and can best withstand the test of time. Because of its smooth surface and strong plasticity, it is suitable for molding and is used in wall decoration. For some households, after using a density board to wall, only a few parallel straight-lined pots were used to decorate the house, and instead of putting on the red board like the average family, white latex paint was applied directly. There are no traces of wood making. But it is this simple form that may never be out of date. And for a long time, the walls are dirty, and once again brushed latex paint again, it will be completely new.
2. When determining the decoration style, be sure to consider the matching with the furniture in advance. Some time ago, the color of wood was popular, and some families used a large area of ​​wood for the decoration of the walls. Doors and windows and heating covers also used natural wood. The style was very clear and the construction cost was naturally high. However, after a while, the sense of freshness quickly disappeared. The owner once again looked at some new style furniture and discovered that he did not coordinate with the decoration style at home and had to give up.
3. There must be room for decoration, leaving room for "sustainable development." Just moved into a renovated new home, it's hard to avoid being proud, but after a long time it doesn't matter. Therefore, the home must be changed frequently. Frequent decoration is unrealistic, and there are several possible methods: Adjusting the placement of furniture items, reclassifying the function of the room, and changing the local colors by replacing the bulbs of different colors. All these need to be considered before the renovation, leaving some room for imagination, so that the future "upgrade" becomes possible.
4. To adapt to the development needs of life in the next few years. The impact of computers on family life is increasing, and the digital life of household appliances networking is not far off. By the end of 2001, several domestic computer companies had launched digital lifestyle homes including "digital study rooms." It is believed that within a few years, almost every family will have one or several computers, not to mention computers on the Internet. Those families who have not yet been connected to the broadband network during the renovation period should properly consider whether or not to pre-install the network cable so as to avoid regretting that the house will be installed in the future. Some families who may have more than one computer should also consider whether or not several networked network cables in the home need to be embedded in advance.

six. What are the contents of home decoration? <513> bytes According to the amount of funds invested in home decoration, it can be divided into low-grade decoration, mid-range decoration and high-grade art decoration.
Most households don’t invest much, but only carry out low-grade general renovations. Their main contents are roughly the same, namely: shop floor, wall paint latex paint, skirting, plaster line, hanging mirror line, local simple ceiling, package doors and windows Sets, craft doors, curtain boxes, including heating cover, simple to change the line, the general plumbing transformation.
Mid-range decoration is based on the general renovation, plus some furniture, such as wardrobes, shoe cabinets, unique TV cabinets or desks, technology partitions, bar counters and so on. Mid-range decoration can partially reflect design quality and style.
The furniture contained in the high-grade decoration is very large, and it is also possible to make attractions and artistic modeling according to the specific conditions of the room and the owner's aesthetic requirements. High-grade decoration can give full play to the design capabilities, showing distinctive features and styles, with a certain cultural content.
In fact, there is no fixed pattern for interior decoration. Each person's personality, quality, love and pursuit are different, so the requirements for decoration are not the same. As long as we can create a good overall indoor atmosphere and achieve a reasonable spatial layout to meet people's practical and aesthetic needs, then decoration is successful. Remember not to compare blindly, and there is nothing wrong with it.

Seven. How to determine the decoration time according to the decoration content? <401> Byte The time required for decoration may be longer or shorter depending on the number of renovation projects or the degree of difficulty of the process. The amount of work is large and the time is naturally long. However, the general decoration of ordinary families has similar contents and the time required is almost the same. It usually takes 20-30 days.
Routine renovation mainly include: do the door, package doors and windows cover, heating cover, do baseboard, hanging mirror line, plaster line, paving the ground, brush the wall, but the ceiling, the general transformation of plumbing plumbing laying a dark line and a simple shape.
The construction is mainly divided into three phases: civil construction, grassroots treatment, and detailed treatment. Among them, the civil engineering and grassroots processing phases will take about one week each, and the detailed processing will vary slightly depending on the degree of fineness required for the process, and the time will generally be from one week to two weeks. Due to the management and coordination ability of the decoration company, the limitation of the indoor construction area, and the solidification time of the cement, it is difficult to shorten the time for the civil engineering and grassroots treatment. The drying of the paint and the paint takes a certain amount of time, so the detailed processing time It is also difficult to shorten. Therefore, even if the project is a bit different in conventional decoration, the decoration time will be roughly the same.

Eight. What season is renovated? <608>The effect of the byte season on the decoration, the main system is the temperature and humidity.
In the past, people usually renovated in spring and autumn. In winter, if the temperature is too low, it will cause the freezing of paint, cement mortar and other decoration materials, which will reduce their condensing power and affect the quality of decoration. In midsummer, there is more rain, and the air is relatively humid. The moisture content of wood tends to exceed the standard. A large number of plates are often used as substrates in home decoration. After the wood is dry, it will be deformed. People often avoid midsummer and midwinter and choose Chung in mid-spring. , early summer and early autumn decoration.
However, with the improvement of heating facilities and technical equipment, the impact of the season on decoration is getting smaller and smaller. With drying equipment, even in the midst of rainy summer, moist wood can be dried so that the moisture content is far below the standard; while the use of other new technologies, it can basically make the wood never deform. In winter, since most houses have heating, the winter will not only affect the quality of the decoration, but because the air is relatively dry, the wood has a low moisture content and is not easily deformed, which makes it a good season for decoration.
So now it can be said that decoration can be done all year round. But there are two things to remind everyone:
1. If you choose a "street guerrillas" or a poorly decorated company with no good equipment, it is best to avoid the rainy season in midsummer.
2. Choose the best decoration time to avoid the Spring Festival, wheat harvest, autumn harvest and Mid-Autumn Festival. Because whether it is a “guerrilla” or a formal decoration company, decoration workers are basically migrant workers. The Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are the two major festivals in the year. Farmers often want to go home to reunite; while wheat harvest and autumn harvest are even more “back.” The family did not discuss."

nine. There are several stages of home decoration construction? <636> Byte decoration construction can be roughly divided into the following stages:
1. Civil engineering phase: Mainly includes the demolition of walls, the replacement of doors and windows frames, the placement of bathing facilities, the erection of partitions, the transformation of plumbing pipes and urinals, the chiseling of walls, the laying of dark pipes, paving tiles, and tiling. At this stage, the number of decoration workers is relatively large, the home is the dirtiest and the most chaotic, and the outline of the entire decoration cannot be seen. And drilling holes around the wall, hammering, electric drills, thunder and noise, the largest impact on the neighbors. In order to catch up with the progress, some decoration teams often don't care about holidays or even work late at night, which can easily cause disgust in the neighborhood. Therefore, we must pay attention to the construction time and do a good job of explaining to our neighbors.
2. Grassroots processing stage: It mainly includes carpentry work such as door, door and window cover, curtain box, heating cover, baseboard, furniture, etc., wall putty, leveling, and some basic work of modeling. At this stage, the number of decoration workers is much less, and the family has a slight look; chainsaws, electric drills, and nail guns are used more often and the noise is slightly reduced compared to the previous period. However, attention must be paid to the problem of disturbing neighbors. At this stage, it should be noted that do not forget to accept some hidden projects. Take the door as an example. Generally, density boards or blockboards are used as base materials, and red boards and other decorative panels are attached. When the grass is used as a base, acceptance is required. Otherwise, what is inside is not visible? Now.
3. Detailed processing stage: mainly paint and paint, as well as door handles, switches, sockets and other finishing work. If the walls and the top surface are not smooth, they need to be polished and brushed again; now the nitrocellulose varnish usually used in home decoration needs to be brushed seven or eight times. At this stage, three or two renovation workers are required, and there is basically no noise. But this stage is very important, because the decoration work is not detailed, there is no effect, mainly depends on this time. Therefore do not rush to rush the construction period, but also to prevent construction workers from being lazy, such as paint only brush two or three times.

ten. What preparations should be made before starting work? <794> Bytes
1. Handle the appropriate procedures. Where it involves the main structure of the demolition and modification, and clarifying the increased load (such as marble on the ground), it must go through the approval procedures of relevant departments according to the procedures stipulated in Article 8 of the Construction Decree No. 46 of the Ministry of Construction. Decoration and decoration (such as painting only for the surface, wallpaper, paving, etc.) should be registered and filed with the property ownership unit or property management unit. The demolition and alteration of gas pipelines or the addition of gas water heaters must be approved by the gas management department, and must use products that they deem qualified. They are qualified for installation by qualified professional construction teams and can only be used after they have passed inspection and acceptance.
2. Coordinate neighborhood relations. The decoration period is relatively long and the noise is relatively large. Especially in the civil construction phase, the impact on neighbors is very large. Some families with pregnant women and infants are often very disgusted with the decoration around them. Before the start of work, we should greet our neighbors and let them prepare in advance. At the same time, it is necessary to make adjustments to the schedule and try to avoid holidays and rest periods for civil construction and other noise-intensive construction.
3. Arrange your own work. The time spent on home decoration is relatively long. The average person is not very reassuring to the decoration company or the decoration worker. If there is no special supervision company, they often spend more time on their own. Some of the decorators who buy their own materials also spend a lot of time and energy. This requires that the work in this phase be arranged in advance so that conflicts do not occur and the duration of the project will be affected.
4. Safeguard the supply of hydropower. This is the premise and guarantee for smooth decoration. Families who buy their own materials should also prepare materials on time.
5. Evacuate the building and mark the outlets that need to be reserved in each room on the wall to facilitate the construction.
6. Contact the cleanup of the garbage. Garbage generated by the renovation is a construction waste. Some decoration workers are irresponsible. Pour it down in the garbage area. This is not allowed and it is easy to cause disputes. Therefore, it must be contacted in advance.
After doing these tasks, you can start work.

XI. What details are easy to ignore before the renovation? <1167>The byte home renovation project is not large, but it is very complicated and difficult to consider. Some details may not be expected in advance, leaving such a regret. The details that are often overlooked are the following:
1. Sockets: Almost every home will find after renovation, the number of reserved sockets is not enough. The inadequacy of power outlets has forced many appliances to share one jack. They are frequently plugged in and unplugged. They are neither safe nor easily damaged. The telephone line does not go to every room and it is often inconvenient to rush to another room to answer the call. The small family has two televisions, one in the living room and one in the bedroom. However, due to forgetting to lay a limited TV antenna in the bedroom, the television cannot be used; some families who plan to go online have no choice but to pre-paid the Internet. Bright line.
2. Hanging mirrors: Many families like to use decorative paintings and photos to decorate the walls. But forgot to press the mirror in advance, if the nail will destroy the renovated wall, it is often difficult.
3. Heating cover: Some families do not make it removable when it comes to the heating cover. As a result, the heating leak cannot be opened during maintenance.
4. Air Conditioning: If there is no space reserved for the air-conditioning during the renovation, the hole of the drainage pipe will not be left in place. After the decoration, the air-conditioning will be installed. The white walls will be contaminated with masonry powder.
5. Ventilation: Many bathroom windows are pinned and replaced by exhaust fans. Because the bathroom is relatively closed, the exhaust fan can not be opened for a long time, so the air circulation is affected, especially in the summer, much less than a window of the health components ventilation, cool. In addition, the noise of the exhaust fan is relatively large, which makes it particularly harsh in bathrooms where space is not large.
6. Audio: More and more homes have a home theater sound system, and their surround speakers often hang on the back wall. If you don't have the sound line buried in the wall in advance, you have to go into a bright line. In addition, some enthusiasts have very high demands on the sound. The placement of the sound directly affects the sound effect. Therefore, the position of the sound must be determined in advance, and the layout of the room should be determined accordingly.
7. Furniture: Some families did not consider the placement of the original furniture in advance, resulting in improper size of the furniture after renovation, unable to display it; due to the prior neglect of the color of the furniture, resulting in furniture and the overall decoration style is not coordinated.
8. Lighting: Some families ignore the different needs of different rooms for lighting brightness, too bright or too dark lights, will have poor vision. Others forgot the bedside lamp and the lights on the balcony, which was inconvenient to use.
9. Circuit diagram: General home decoration will change the route. If you do not leave a circuit diagram, nailing a nail on the wall in the future can pin the wire and create a short circuit or electric shock.
In short, there are many details of home decoration that are hard to imagine in advance. It is best to ask people who have done home decoration before decoration to avoid omissions and cause irreparable shortcomings.

Twelve. Decoration design includes what content? The <801> byte decoration design includes the following aspects:
1. The division of space and the division of the area. This is a very important aspect of home decoration design. It is particularly important to rationalize the division and spatial division of those houses with unreasonable layout and free division. Living rooms, bedrooms, kitchens and other rooms have only reasonable space allocation and can only be conveniently accommodated. After the functions of each room are determined, specific designs can be made according to their characteristics.
2. The overall style of design. To determine what the style of the entire residence is. The common decoration styles are mainly Chinese style, European style, Japanese style, classical, modern and romantic. The choice of style will undoubtedly have a crucial influence on the overall effect of the renovation. The overall style is mainly represented by the design of some artistic shapes.
3. The design of practical functions. For example, the kitchen needs to design and layout various types of cookware, cabinets and refrigerators so that the kitchen can be used with ease. All other rooms should also be designed according to actual needs to meet their functional needs.
4. Furniture design. The shape of the furniture and the placement of the furniture have a great influence on the decoration effect because they are usually large in size. At the same time, the furniture also has practical functions and must conform to ergonomic principles. If the design is unreasonable, it will not be used when used. Convenience. The decoration of your own furniture, you can make full use of space, but also can be integrated with the overall style. If you intend to buy finished furniture after renovation, you should also consider the shape and color of the furniture in advance in order to avoid damaging the overall style of the room.
5. The design of color and light. The proper color design enables the house to be full of character and charm. Different shades can give people different feelings; if they are not designed properly, they may cause visual disharmony and give people an uncomfortable feeling. In addition to the functions of lighting, they also have a decorative effect. The change of light and shade and the change of color can make the home decoration prominent and full of personality.
6. Material design. What kind of material is used is an indispensable aspect of home design. Because the material's texture and grade can determine the effect and grade of decoration.
7. Late accessories. Curtains, sofas, furniture, lamps, and other late-stage accessories are generally purchased after the renovation is basically completed. However, because of their large area or space, they often have patterns and colors. Therefore, they must be fully taken into consideration in designing, otherwise, the overall effect of the decoration can be easily destroyed.

XIII. How to invite people to design? <1056> bytes how to ask people to design, should be based on their own knowledge of the decoration, the degree of understanding and ability to decorate and how much decoration content to choose. You can find a decoration company to design and decorate it for you, or you can let them design a plan for you only; you can find a person's entire design or a partial design.
If you don’t know anything about the decoration and you can’t talk about what style and characteristics you’re looking for, then it’s best to find a formal decoration company and make clear your own situation and requirements so that they can carry out detailed and comprehensive designs.
If you know a little about the decoration, through the search for information, reading books, refer to the friend's home decoration has its own favorite style and shape, then may wish to ask a professional designer to help you to see how to make things harmonious with others Move to your home.
If you know more about art and have a certain understanding of the decoration, then you can design your own room for some of them, but for those areas you don't know about, such as plumbing, look for people to design.
In short, because the renovation involves a very wide range, very few people are in the line, so when home decoration, it is best to ask people to design. To choose a designer, pay attention to the following points:
1. Designers' attitudes and cultural qualities. It is crucial that designers must have a sense of responsibility but also have unique insights into home decoration.
2. Designer's life experience. Home decoration not only stresses quality and aesthetics, but the most important thing is to be practical. Some young designers, just graduated from school, do not know much about life, so his design is difficult to meet the practical needs of the family, so that some daily life facilities are difficult to use handy. For kitchens designed by people who do not cook, there are certainly many details that have been overlooked.
3. The designer's "born". Designers are not all-rounders, and they have their own strengths because of the different professions they study. At present, there are three main sources of home decoration designers: graduates of engineering and architecture colleges, graduates of arts and crafts or environmental art colleges, and designers who have switched from industrial decoration to home decoration. The designers of the school building are better at structural reform, water and electricity heating and construction, but the color and shape are not their strengths; the designers of arts and crafts or environmental art are better at grasping the overall style and effect of the living room. With a unique aesthetic vision, the configuration of furniture and accessories is more in-house, but it is not in line with structural reforms, plumbing lines and construction. Designers who have switched from parts to job are rich in experience, and they have a lot of structure, shape, and materials. Can handle, but they do not necessarily have research on home decoration, home decoration space is small, their technical level is difficult to display, the advantage is difficult to play. Therefore, designers who can learn from each other's strengths and become more popular are more popular.

XIV. How to look at the decoration design? <1170> Byte home decoration design plans generally include two types of plans and elevations.
1. Plan: The plan also includes two types: ground plan and top plan. The floor plan reflects the overall layout of the entire dwelling, which is mainly the function division of each room, the placement of furniture, the location of various facilities, and the handling of the ground. The top plan reflects the top surface of the entire house, mainly the location, type, and shape of the top. The ground floor plan is a top view, and the top floor plan is a bottom view, which is inconsistent with our usual perspective. Therefore, some people think it is more difficult to see the floor plan. In fact, looking at the floor plan is not difficult. The key is to grasp the following points:
(1) See if the space division is reasonable. First of all, find out the wall part of the picture (the wall in plan view is usually indicated by double thick lines) to determine the location of each room. Then one-on-one with each room in the room to get an intuitive impression. If the figure is inconsistent with the actual situation, it indicates that the wall structure has been changed in the design and the space has been re-divided. For example, separating a restaurant from a larger living room or opening a wall next to a balcony. At this time, the decoration of the head of household will examine whether the space division is reasonable and whether they are satisfied with the change.
(2) Whether the arrangement of furniture and facilities is appropriate. The first thing is to identify the symbols of various furniture and facilities. They occupy a considerable proportion of the floor plan and do not have a uniform logo, but they are generally more intuitive and easy to think and recognize. After understanding these symbols and clarifying the position and direction, it is necessary to examine whether various furniture and facilities are convenient to use and whether they are properly arranged. For example, to see the living room, we must first find a TV. Its position determines the position of the TV and the sofa, determines the position of the floor lamp and the background light source, and thus determines the overall layout of the living room. The wall of the TV is different, and the effect of the living room will be completely different. Another example is looking at the bedroom and looking at the bed in a friendly way. It is the center of the bedroom arrangement. Looking at the kitchen depends on whether the distance between the sink, the refrigerator and the gas stove is appropriate, and whether cooking is convenient or not.
(3) See if the ground decoration method is satisfactory. Floor plans are generally marked with ground finishes such as paving tiles, wooden floors or carpets. Due to the large area of ​​the ground, the overall effect of the renovation is also very large, so pay attention to whether the floor material, processing satisfaction.
2. Elevation: The elevation reflects the shape of the walls, timber and decoration processing. Because the angle reflected by the elevation map is basically the same as our usual angle of view, the elevation map is very intuitive. Through it, you can basically understand the decorative effect of the wall. Therefore, the elevation map is usually also called the facade rendering.
Since the elevation map is basically one wall per wall, it is easy to get confused. The key is to map the wall to the wall. See the floor plan. In a room with four walls, usually in a plan view, the room in which the picture is to be drawn has a direction sign with four letters A, B, C, and D. Each letter points to a wall. The elevation of the wall surface pointed to by the A letter is called A wall elevation, and the rest is analogized. This makes it easy to figure out which wall is which wall. Then we must examine whether we are satisfied with the shape, material, treatment and effect of the wall.

15. What are the misunderstandings in home renovation? <592> bytes
1. Blind pursuit of luxury, that the more you spend money, the better the decoration. Some people think that the more expensive the material, the better. When you buy materials, you choose the best one. As a matter of fact, some grass-roots materials can be used as long as they have no problem with quality. It is absolutely unnecessary to spend the money to buy the best ones. In the end, they must be covered inside. Some people decorate their homes with grandeur. Like a hotel, they do not have the warmth of home.
2. Get trendy and blindly pursue fashion. Some people saw the popular red dragonfly in the street. Therefore, the carpentry production of the finishes was all made of red teeterboards, and they all had no characteristics. After waiting a few years, the red board may become obsolete, and the entire home improvement system will naturally fall behind. And now some families have a large mirror in the living room and do a large ceiling light pool on top. This is actually a popular product of previous years' renovations. Now it is very out of place.
3 students hard cover. See the book or other people's home decoration style is good, they copy and copy. Although the shape of someone's home is good, it may not be appropriate to move to your own home. Because the best shape must also be placed in the overall environment, color, style, etc. can be coordinated. Otherwise, the good styling can become very eye-catching
4. Lightmaps save money and ignore quality. Some households have financial incompetence, but also want to decorate the good results, they will reduce their own quality, especially some of the grass-roots materials hidden in, with inexpensive materials of high quality, the result of a long time there will be cracking, deformation and other issues.
5 only pay attention to appearance, ignoring practical, flashy. Some of the dome lights in various rooms in the home are a few or more than a dozen groups of white light shot to the ceiling, it is beautiful. But a dozen lamps are hundreds of watts, and the power consumption is very large and the waste is very serious. Some families choose tiles that shine brightly, but they are not slippery. If they are sprinkled with water, it is easy to fall.

XVI. What is home decoration supervision? <569> Byte home decoration supervision is detailed from the project construction supervision, as the name suggests, is the supervision and management of home decoration.
The home decoration supervision means that the specialized home decoration supervision unit accepts the entrustment and authorization of the owner (decoration household), and assists the owner in accordance with the home decoration supervision contract and other home decoration contracts according to the national home decoration documents, laws and regulations. Home renovation project supervision and management.
The home decoration supervisor provides technical services. Its main task is "three controls, two pipes, and one coordination", namely, controlling investment, controlling progress, controlling quality, contract management, and information management; and coordinating relations between all parties. The services include: review of renovation contracts, review of design proposals, review of design drawings, audit of project budgets, inspection of decorative materials, inspection of renovation equipment, inspection of hidden projects, inspection of process practices, supervision of project progress, inspection of project quality, and assistance with customer acceptance.
The relationship between the supervision unit and the owner (decoration household) is the relationship between authorized and authorized. It is an equal contractual relationship; the relationship between the supervision unit and the decoration company is the relationship between supervision and supervision, and it is also an equal relationship.
The home decoration supervision project should be a compound talent. It should have a high academic qualification and multidisciplinary professional knowledge. It must master certain economic, legal and management knowledge related to home decoration, and must have a wealth of home decoration. Practical experience, but also have good moral character, healthy body and plenty of energy.

Seventeen. Why should home improvement supervision? <889> bytes home decoration is not a small project for the general home improvement, the cost is not a small number, therefore, we all attach great importance to this, for fear of their own home decoration quality But off, spent money. However, the family decoration project is complex, the existing decoration company and the construction team personnel are mixed, the level is uneven, the quality is difficult to make people feel relieved. In order to prevent the decoration company cutting corners, many decoration owners have nailed Construction site. But the average consumer knows little about the decoration. Even if you look at it all day, it is very difficult to find the problem. You can't check the quality of the construction. If there are some hidden projects in the renovation project, if you do not see the problem at the time, you will find it later. The problem is very troublesome to solve. Moreover, due to the long period of home decoration, it usually takes about a month. The whole process of nailing down is a headache. Office workers are even more difficult. At this time, people naturally think that if there is reassuring insider to help. Therefore, home decoration supervision companies that specialize in servicing home decoration consumers have emerged in some cities. Home decoration if you find a supervision will solve the above problems.
Before the advent of a specialized supervision company, there were two departments that acted as “supervisors” during the renovation process: one was the quality inspection department of the decoration company, and the other was the quality inspection department of the home decoration market. However, it is difficult for them to ensure the best interests of consumers. This is because: The decoration company and the construction team itself are a kind of long-term cooperation relationship. The supervision of the decoration company is difficult and thorough. Furthermore, if the quality inspection department finds out the quality problem and reworks, although the loss is borne by the construction party, However, the delay caused by this will cause users to dissatisfaction with the decoration company. In order to decorate the company's own interests, quality inspection departments may not point them out to quality problems that some homeowners do not find. The quality inspection department in the home improvement market is not directly related to the decoration company and the homeowner, but the home decoration market depends on the rental site for survival. The decoration company is the customer of the home decoration market, and this kind of interest relationship will also affect The impartiality of supervision.
The home decoration supervision company is completely independent of third parties other than decoration companies and homeowners. It is entrusted by the home decoration consumer and represents the decoration household to supervise the implementation of the decoration company's home decoration contract. The benefit of the decoration household can be maximally guaranteed. Therefore, it is advisable to find an independent home decoration supervision company for the decoration supervisor.
If you do not ask the company to supervise the company, you can learn some home decoration knowledge yourself. You can also supervise your own work during the renovation. The purpose of this book is here.

十八. 旧房有没有必要进行装修?<359>字节旧房装修很有必要,这是因为购置的旧房一般内部已比较陈旧,墙面、地面、顶面等基层都有裂纹，不平整，甚至起皮、脱落，需要修补；门窗、厨卫设施也需要更换；内部布局也大都不合理。另外，因为旧房别人住过，从卫生消毒的角度，也该动动“手术”，清理一下表面。在确定旧房装修方案时，应考虑自己的经济状况、居住需求和房屋自身状况等因素。若经济上有实力，旧房完全可以装成“豪宅”；经济实力一般，修修补补也可以使旧房变“新颜”。若是打算长期居住，则可以大装大修；若只是作为一种过度，则不必搞得太大。确定旧房装修方案时，还要考虑到旧房的自身状况，如住房的旧损程度如何、近期是否拆迁等。住宅的使用寿命一般为50年，对于超过30年以上的房屋，再投入大笔资金装修就没多大必要了。近期可能列入拆迁、说是产权不明晰、存在争议的房产，装修就不宜做得太大。

十九. 租来的房子值不值得装修?<235>字节总的来说,租来的房子不宜做大的装修,简单地装修粉刷一下即可.这是因为租来的房子,一方面由于租赁合同一般都是一年一签,租期变数较大,若是投入太多,合同到期不能续租,则其投入会白白丢失；另一方面,租赁户大都抱有临时租住的思想,只是过渡一下,不想长期居住,因此简单装饰一下能住即可。另外，对租来的住房进行大规模装修还须征得房主的同意。若私自拆改装修，合同到期时房主有权要求租赁户拆除装修恢复原状，遇到这种情况就得不尝失了。因此，租来的房子，提倡进行实用性装修，不宜做得太华丽。

二十. 租来的房子怎样装修好?<550>字节对租来的房子进行装修,要掌握以下几个原则:
1.要算经济帐.租来的房子毕竟不属于自己的,盲目投入较大资金进行高档或豪华装修,从经济上来说不划算。对租来的房子进行装修,装修费用应控制在租赁期限租金金额的一半以内,否则,投入就显得过高了。因此，租来的房子最好不要进行高档装修，不要对房子结构作大的改动，也不要对房子的设施进行较大变动。
2.添置的部件设施要尽量做到能够拆除、移走。对房子结构不宜做较大改动，添置的部件或设施应尽量是可拆除移动的，以便日后搬走。如木地板、面盆及台面、博古架、支架等，尽量设计成可移动式的。
3.与房主协商共同装修。可以与房主商量，将房子进行大的装修，以改变旧房面貌，提升房子品位，使其升值。此时最好与房主协商，争取免除一定租金，合同到期后，房子的装修及施工全部归房主。这种方式，对于那些资金匮乏的房主来说，是非常容易接受的；同时，租户也用装修投入冲抵了部分租金，使之能够以较低的租金价格，享受到较好的居住条件。共同装修，特别适合于不可移走的必需生活设备、隐藏管线等的添加项目以及大的改造等。
另外，还要特别注意，对租来的房子进行装修，结构和设施的变动必须征得房主的同意，对改变的管线及部位一定要有明确的图纸和记录，作为装修档案，待租赁期满后移交房主。

二十一. 什么是毛坯房、简装房和精装房？<570>字节毛坯房是在我国商品房发展中出现的一个新概念。主要是指住房内部不做装修，墙面、地面、顶面不做面层；无内门扇，只留门框；卫生间的卫生设备不作配置，只留给水、排水接口；厨房内留有低档洗涤盆和变通水嘴；无灯具，只留电线接头；不封阳台。还有的连房间隔墙都不垒，让住户自由隔断。毛坯房推出后，曾在楼市风行一时，但弊端也越来越明显，进行毛坯房再装修，容易破坏结构，浪费材料，更为主要的是给购者带来诸多不变和苦恼。为此，近两年来，北京、上海已全部取消毛坯房销售，实行新建住房一次性装修。
简装房是指住房内部做了简单装修，客厅、卧室的地面、墙面顶面不做面层；厨房、卫生间的地面、墙面、顶面做了面层；有内门；卫生间内有中档卫生设备；厨房内有料理台、水龙头、洗涤盆；有简单灯具；不封阳台。简装房的装修比毛坯房的装修要省事一些。厨房、卫生间可不必再装修，能用即可，不够的添一些；客厅、卧室的地面、墙面、顶面应根据装修档次做各类面层；灯具等都可以更换。
精装房一般是指对房子的建筑本分进行过精装修的房子。如对木制的储藏鬼、柜，厨、厕的墙，地面等作了精心处理装饰，顶面进行了吊顶，设置灯泡等。它包换的内容有限，容易在工艺、色彩、质地、做工、选材等方面千篇一律。

二十二. 菜单式装修是怎么回事?<467>字节为了满足更多购房者装修个性化的要求,避免毛坯房带来的隐患和不便,近两三年来,参照发达过家“用户参与设计”的做法，我国各地推出了“菜单式装修”模式，受到人们的欢迎。菜单式装修模式的基本内容是：
1.开发商或住宅建设单位委托设计单位做出每一种户型的几种可供住户选择的室内装修方案（其中对大开间灵活隔断的户型，还可设计出不同的房间分隔方式），每个方案包括一系列可供住户选择的装修分项，如地面、墙面、顶面、灯饰等。
2.由开发商或建设单位优选几家有资质、有实力、有信誉的装饰企业提供装修样板房，标出综合报价及分项单价，供户主选择或参考。
3.户主参与设计，即挑选装修方案，并在结构安全允许和管线布局合理的前提下，对方案作局部修改或另提装修方案，然后确定分项的材料、色彩、纹样，汇总成一份装修清单。
4.由开发商或建设单位或物业管理公司，代表全体户主监督整栋住宅楼的装修施工。
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二十三. 简装房再装修时需注意什么?<305>字节简装房进行再装修时,要根据已有的装修,坚持既尽量避免重复装修,又能够使整个装修和谐,并充分显示个性的原则进行.装修时应注意以下几点:
1.厨房、卫生间尽量不要再做大的改动。因为这两部分的防水层若处理不当，会影响楼下住户；已有的设施要尽量使用，不够的可再添加一些。
2.客厅、卧室的地面、墙面、顶面根据装修档次做各类面层，顶部可以用石膏线和石膏板做吊顶或灯池。
3.卫生洁具、面盆、灯具等，一般都已安装，应尽量使用；不满意的，可以打掉重做，以使整个装修风格协调。
4.由于简装房中的一些设施设备配置一般都是中档的，若要讲求装修风格，也要舍得“破”，不能因为舍不得砸，而影响整个装修的效果。
二十四. 装修一居室住房需注意什么?<910>字节一居室住房多为一室一厅结构,常为单身青年人、新婚夫妇或独立生活的老年夫妇居住。这些人活动比较单一，要求居住功能常常是多位一体，具有一定的过渡性。住户一般对自身舒适度要求较高，而对社交功能的要求则相对较低。因此对一居室装修设计时，既要考虑眼前，做到美观实用；又要注意不要消耗巨大，进行豪华装修，应该以简洁实用、舒适大方为主，墙、地、顶以中低档装修为宜，同时注意留出足够多的余地，使主人在房间的装饰布置上拥有展示自身个性的空间。一居室装修设计一般可以从以下几个方面着手：
1.合理分区，一区多能。对性质类似的活动进行统一布置，性质不同或相反的活动进行分离。一室一厅的住房面积相对来说较为狭小，在一个房间里需要包括起居、会客、睡眠、储存、学习等多种功能，要满足人们的生活需要，就要在功能区的布置上动动脑筋，合理布置各个区域，充分发挥一区多能的作用。比如会客区、进餐区等都是使用频率较高、人较多的活动区域，可以合并为同一空间，布置在厅中；睡眠区、学习区要求相对安静，可以纳入同一空间。但会客、进餐区与睡眠、学习区应尽量在空间上设置硬性或软性的分隔。
2.充分利用色彩和光线，营造宽敞的空间。由于一室一厅面积小，局限大，因而要从色彩上下功夫，使居室面积产生延伸感。一般可选择浅色调、中间色作为家具及床罩、沙发、窗帘的基调。这些色彩因有扩散和后退性，在视觉上能给人以清新、开朗、明亮、宽敞的感觉，避免了居室因狭小而产生的局促感。充分利用自然光线，视野开阔，也能达到视觉上的宽敞感。
3.科学布置家具，节省和充分利用有闲空间。家具是居室布置的基本要素，如何在有限的空间内使居室各功能既有分隔，又有内在联系，不产生拥挤感，这在很大程度上取决于家具样式和尺寸的选择，以及家具的布置。因此，在选购或制作家具时应尽力哪个选择组合式多功能家具，这样既能节省空间，又能充分利用居室中不常用的空间。对中老年住户来说，家具的使用功能更为重要，应将家具的经济实用放在首位；对青年住户来说，宜选择小巧精致、风格化的中高档家具。同时，要注意家具、装饰品应多选择可搬动的，尤其是中高档家具、饰品；做在墙上的固定家具、装饰品以选择低价型为宜。
二十五. 装修二居室住房需注意什么?<425>字节二居室住房多为二室一厅、二室二厅结构。二室一厅多见于旧房，近几年新建的二居室住房大都是二室二厅。二居室住房较一室一厅的居住面积要大许多，装修设计也就有更多的发挥余地。装修二居室应注意以下问题：
1.根据主人的需要进行功能分区。二居室较一居室在空间上有了分隔，而且单个房间面积较大，可以根据居室人口的多少和需求将各类功能的空间加以划分和利用。例如，可以将居室划分为活动区和休息区两大部分，两个部分的家具布局上可以各有特点，以适应人们不同的审美需要。
2.以追求居住舒适为主。二居室是当前比较普及的一种房型，居住对象多为三口之家或两代人共同生活的家庭，住户的居住年限一般要较一室一厅长一些。住户除对舒适度有一定要求外，不需要强调什么主题。在功能上会有聚餐、团拜等社交要求，所以装修时应注意厅内就餐功能的设置。
3.注重实用。二室一厅的装修一般要求在可能的情况下尽量增加储藏面积，而对风格化的要求比较弱，所以还是要以实用、经济为主要原则。
二十六. 装修三居室住房需注意什么?<1037>字节三居室主要有三室一厅、三室两厅两种结构。三居室尤其是三室两厅房，是一种相对成熟、定型的房型，一般居住时间较长，主人对功能要求较全，个人的审美要求也不一样，装修设计时应注意以下问题：
1.分区要齐全，布局要讲究。三居室一般面积较大，可以做出主人需要的各种功能分区，休息区、活动区、生活区都应比较讲究，并且要有一个相对独立、较大空间的公共会客区。三室一厅具有较充裕的居住面积，在布局上可以按较理想的功能划分居室空间，即起居活动室、休息区、学习工作区应各自相互独立，不再彼此干扰。布置方式和色彩、形式也较为自由，各家庭成员可以按自己的喜好布置各自的房间，对起居室可根据全家人的心意共同设计。至于居室的具体安排，应结合实际的居住人数来考虑。一些老式的三室一厅，因厅的面积小，可以考虑将一间卧室作为客厅或餐厅，而成为二室二厅。这种房型比二室一厅的居住条件要好，功能分区也能够明确划分，但毕竟面积有限，有些功能还难以实现，比如视听要求、学习要求、娱乐要求等。这种房型的装修原则仍将以实用为主，在可能的情况下要注意档次和风格。三室两厅的功能分区要明确，布局要讲究，尤其应注意布置两个厅，可根据需要将厅布置成会客厅和餐厅，两个厅的风格可按主人的个人爱好来布置，风格应统一。三室的布局一般是两间卧室，一间书房（或琴房、活动室等），有的房型中自带工作间（保姆房）和储藏间。在具体设计三个居室的布置时，应考虑到居住人口的构成，如人口多，可将一室或厅设计为卧室或客厅兼书房或工作室。在主人的大卧室内布置书房，应灵活分隔，避免相互影响。
2.突出风格，体现主人的审美情趣。三居室住房适合各类家庭居住，居住年限大部分较大，装修时一般要体现住户的地位和实力，所以往往对装修风格比较重视。特别是三室两厅的装修，要更重视美观，突出风格，体现主人的审美情趣，这是不同于其他房型的一个特点。三室两厅的主卧室大部分自带卫生间，客厅的会客功能突出，可以兼有一定的视听功能；餐厅的视觉效果要精心设计，既要满足就餐需要，又要通过光线和装饰营造温馨浪费的情调；在厅的设计中，大多增设玄关（小门厅）；墙面装饰要有一定的“应景之作”；灯具选用要考虑风格和格调，要有画龙点睛的作用。
3.繁简要恰当。装修得高档豪华一些，并不以为着要装得太满，该简处要简，该繁处须繁。如储藏空间要大一些，洗衣、洗澡、做饭、冷藏等生活设施的设置要齐全，并具备一定档次。而居室墙面等的设计就要以简洁为宜，不要添得过满，不妨留点空白。

二十七.装修跃层式和复式住宅需注意什么?<488>字节跃层式住宅有上下两层楼面,上下层之间通过户内独用小楼梯连接.复式住宅也有上下两层,不过它的上层实际上是在层高较高的楼层中增建的一个夹层,两层合计的层高大大低于跃层式住宅。这两种住宅的共同点是面积较大，属比较豪华的住宅，购房投入资金较多，装修设计时应注意以下问题：
1.功能要齐全，分区要明确。跃层式和复式住宅有足够的空间可以分割，应按照主客之分、动静之分、干湿之分的原则进行功能分区，以满足主人休息，娱乐、就餐、读书、会客等各种需要，同时也要考虑外来客人、保姆等的需要。功能分区要明确合理，避免相互干扰。一般下层设起居、炊事、进餐、娱乐、洗浴等功能区。卧房又可以设父母房、儿童卧室、客厅等，满足不同需要。
2.装修部位要突出重点。在选择装修档次上，要根据主人的不同需求、不同身份进行设计，要突出重点。一般主卧室、书房、客厅、餐厅要豪华一些，客房、保姆房则应简洁一些。楼梯是这类住宅装修中的一个点睛之笔，旋转式的楼梯、宽厚的扶手，在空中轻灵蜿蜒地舒展着，引导你进入二层的空间......这样的着机会为你的居室增色不少。确定重点装修部分，分清投资装修的主次，非常重要。

二十八. 旧房装修的重点应是什么?<771>字节由于旧房的建造时间较长,在室内的设计思路、居室分隔、饰面用料等方面都存在弊端，装修中应充分利用装饰手段来弥补和改变旧房的不足。旧房装修应主要从以下几个方面考虑：
1.空间的分隔调整：旧房内部格局一般不理想，卧室一般偏大，客厅较小且门较多，卫生间、起居室、厨房、储藏空间的设计也不尽科学合理，因此，应在原有结构外，墙、门、窗等可以经过拆改重新进行分隔布局，按照现代“大起居室、大厨房、大卫生间、小卧室”的理念进行重新分隔、组合。若结构允许，阳台与居室可以打通，以扩充空间。旧房空间结构的变化，不仅可以使旧房完全变样，而且也会使你的生活更加方便舒适，体会现代居住新时尚。
2.饰面装修：旧房墙面、顶面、基层由于年代较长，且当初用料简陋，应对基层进行重新处理或修补，若是直接粉刷，则容易形成颜色不匀、表面粗糙和起皮现象。地面重新铺设，也是旧房装修中必须要做的。
3.门窗改造更换：旧房中多是木质门窗，木质门窗时间久了就会老化、起皮、变形，因此必须拆掉重做；如果材质紧凑，表面漆膜完好，可以在二次施工的时候贴上装饰面板，加以利用；如果表面漆膜剥落、主体生锈或开裂，也必须拆掉重做。旧房目前大都拆换成铝合金或塑钢门窗。
4.水、电、暖改造：水、电、暖的改造是最常见的装修项目。旧房的地面防水、水路及暖气管线布局往往有许多不合理的地方，在装修卫生间前要先检查地漏是否漏水，卫生间防水曾是否渗漏，如果漏水，必须重新做防水层。原有水路及暖气管线要检查是否生锈、老化。还要检查旧房有无线路老化、违章布线等现象。旧房的电线一般都是明线，最好将明线穿入PVC绝缘管内埋到墙里改成暗线。
5.卫生间的改造：卫生间的改造是旧房改造中最为常见的，可以通过改造扩充空间，做到干湿分离，重新配备

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