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1.1 According to the different characteristics of the pest growth period, the disease resistance of vegetable pests increases with the increase of the age of the insects. The best period of application of pesticides and pesticides should be before the 3rd instar larvae; for the pests such as cotton bollworm, carnivorous insect, sphagnum, and onion thrips, the appropriate period of application should be at the peak of egg hatching; adult stage It can be induced by sexual attractants, and the effect is obvious.
1.2 According to different climates, the best drug control period is closely related to the temperature control of many pesticides, such as trichlorfon, dimethoate, phoxim, etc., and its control effect increases with temperature within a certain temperature range. And improve, therefore, such pesticides are used at higher temperatures; pyrethroid insecticides such as kung fu, bifenthrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, etc., have better control at lower temperatures. Therefore, such pesticides should be used in the morning and evening; insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and growth regulators with systemic absorption function, when the field is weak, the temperature is low, and the relative humidity of the air begins to rise. The agent has less volatilization, and most of it can be absorbed by plants, and the control effect is better. Therefore, such agents should be used in the afternoon or evening; microbial pesticides are sensitive to light and humidity, and should be used when fogging or dew is more.
1.3 According to the characteristics of different infestation hazards of vegetable diseases, the best drug use period should be selected. The drug should be controlled before the disease is the most serious and the yield loss is heavy. When applying a protective fungicide, the drug should be applied before the infection of the crop. Such as vegetable virus disease, prevention and treatment after the onset is more difficult, it is best to prevent medication before the onset.
1.4 Select the best time according to the effect of cultivation management after administration. When using the medicine in winter greenhouse production, in order to maintain the temperature of the greenhouse and reduce the humidity of the air, the medicine should be used in the morning or at noon, and it is easy to release and dehumidify after use; Vegetable cultivation, avoiding the use of drugs before rainfall to prevent rainwater from diluting the liquid.
2 Appropriate use of drugs At present, pesticides produced in China or imported from abroad are mainly based on emulsifiable concentrates; fungicides and herbicides are mainly wettable powders. Therefore, the current application method in China is mainly spray, followed by seed dressing, dusting, dusting, and poisoning. Different application methods can be selected according to different situations.
2.1 Prevention of underground pests Prevention and control of underground pests can be carried out by seed dressing, bait, poisonous soil, root irrigation and soil treatment.
2.2 Prevention and treatment of seed-borne bacteria The seeds can be treated with chemicals, and soaked in warm soup.
2.3 Medication in Protected Production The commonly used methods of application are spraying and igniting aerosols. The smoke method is better than the spray method. The smoke method has the advantages of convenient use, uniform application, quick quick effect, timely control, high utilization rate, and no increase in air humidity.
2.4 Different pest and disease hazards have different characteristics, such as downy mildew, gray mold, epidemic disease, powdery mildew, scab, black mold, blue mold and rust of vegetables, etc. Focus on the back of the spray blade; anthracnose, ring rot, leaf blight, leaf rot and spot disease, etc., should focus on the front of the spray.
2.5 Try to enhance the control effect of pesticides, such as adding 0.30% of salt to pesticides; adding appropriate amount of copper to avermectin pesticides can enhance the penetration of pesticides and killing of Liriomyza Bigger. Adding 0.50% white sugar to matrine increases the adhesion of the base and is more beneficial for eliminating whitefly.
1 Timely medication is the key to rational drug use. According to the different types of vegetables, pests and diseases, first select the applicable pesticide varieties, and then consider the optimal period of use.
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