1.Pa Engineering Plastics Overview Pa is a versatile engineering plastic with a long history and wide application. In 2000, the world engineering plastics market was allocated Pa35%, PC32%, POM11%, PBT1O%, PPO3%, PET2%, UHMWPE2%, high performance engineering plastics (PPS, LCP, PEEK, PEI, PESU, PVDF, other fluorine-containing plastics, etc.) 2%. Due to the rapid growth of PC market demand, its market share has exceeded Pa. Considering the combination of performance and price, the market consumption of Pa6 and Pa66 still accounts for about 90% of the total amount of Pa, which is dominant. In 2001, the consumption of Pa66 in the world was 740,000 tons, slightly higher than the 680,000 tons of Pa6. The consumption structure in Europe is 50% for Pa6, 40% for Pa66, 10% for Pall, Pal2 and other homopolymers, and Pa% for Pa. The US Pa66 consumption exceeds other varieties. In Japan, Pa6 consumption ranks first, 52%, and Pa66 accounts for 38%. %, Pall and Pal2 account for 5%, Pa46 and semi-aromatic Pa account for 5%. Pa engineering plastics are mainly injection molding, injection molding products account for about 90% of Pa products, Pa6 and Pa66 molding process is not the same, Pa66 basically uses injection molding processing, accounting for 95%, extrusion molding only accounts for 5%; Pa6 Injection molded products accounted for 70% and extrusion molding accounted for 30%. In the past 10 years, the world's consumption of Pa has increased at an annual rate of about 7.5%, while the annual growth rate of Pa resin for engineering plastics is about 8.5%, using fillers, reinforcing agents, elastomers, and other resins. Or additives to modify it, making the Pa engineering plastics industry vibrant. Since the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis and the European economic recovery, demand for Pa engineering plastics has grown. In 2000, it increased by 7% compared with 1999. In 2001, due to the sluggish world IT industry and the impact of the US “9.11†incident, the demand for Pa6 and Pa66 in the world in 2001 showed a negative growth, which was 3% lower than that in 2000. The 1.46 million tons fell to 1.42 million tons, of which Pa6 was the same as in 2000. The Pa66 was greatly affected by the downstream industrial markets such as automobiles and electronic appliances, down 5% year-on-year. The changes in demand for Pa6 and Pa66 in the world are shown in the following table: Table 1 Changes in demand for world Pa6 and Pa66 (in 10,000 tons) Variety 1999 2000 2001 Pa6 63.5 68 68 Pa66 72.5 78 74 Total 136 146 142 2.Pa engineering plastics supply and consumption Compared with general-purpose plastics, the production and consumption of engineering plastics including Pa is concentrated in developed countries. The production capacity of Pa in the three major countries and regions such as the United States, Europe and Japan accounts for 90% of the world's total production capacity, and consumption accounts for 80%. . The data provided by the German "Plastics" journal is: the US Pa production capacity accounts for 31% of the world, Europe accounts for 45%, and Asia accounts for 40%. Japan's Ube Industries Co., Ltd. reported that the production capacity of Pa engineering plastics in the United States, Europe and Asia is 500 kt / a, 760 kt / a, 442 kt / a (including 282 kt / a in Japan). Although the data from different sources are different, the overall view is consistent. The production and consumption of Pa resin for engineering plastics is faster than that of Pa resin for fibers, so its share in Pa resin is also increasing year by year. The production of Pa6 and Pa66 in the world in 2001 is shown in Table 2. Table 2 Production of Pa6 and Pa66 in various regions of the world (2002 data unit: 10,000 tons) Country Pa6 Pa66 Total United States 23 33 56 Europe 25 26 51 Japan 12 7 19 Other 8 8 16 Total 68 74 142 As can be seen from Table 2, the production of Pa6 in Japan is higher than that of Pa66, which is different from that in Europe and America. According to the data provided by American Chemical Systems, the total production capacity of Pa plastics in the world is 1 600 kt/a, and the top 4 companies and share. They are: 390 kt/a for DuPont, accounting for 24.4%; BaSF for 220 kt/a, accounting for 13.5 A; GE-Honeywell for 200 kt/a, accounting for 12.5%; Rhodia is 145 kt / a, accounting for 9.1%; other companies totaled 645 kt / a, accounting for 40.2%. The top production plants are all powerful large-scale petrochemical or chemical companies. In addition to large-scale advanced polymerization equipment, there are attached compounding plants, which increase the number of available grades and provide market and user requirements. Special products, other manufacturers include al-lied Signal, Solulia-Dow, UBE, Bayer, DSM, RodiciPlastics, EMS, Toray, Asahi Kasei, Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics. There are also some independent plastic compounding plants, such as the famous American RTP, LNP, etc., which provide distinctive and user-required performance grades. Variety, flexible supply and short cycle times are the characteristics of these suppliers. The demand for Pa in different regions of the world between 1996 and 2000 is shown in Table 3. The consumption in Europe and the Americas accounted for 41.7% and 30.2% of the world total, respectively, and it dominated. Table 3 Demand for Pa around the world (unit: 10,000 tons) Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 Americas 37.3 38.8 41.5 45 Europe 52.2 53.6 58 62 Asia 28.6 28.2 30.5 32 Other 7.9 7.5 8 8 Total 126 128.1 138 147 Pa consumption structure Pa has excellent performance and can be further improved after being modified by filling, strengthening, toughening, flame retardant, etc., and is widely used in automobiles, electrical and electronic, packaging, machinery, furniture, building materials, sports and leisure products, and daily necessities. , toys and other industries. The automotive industry is the largest user of Pa, followed by the electrical and electronics industry. Of course, the consumption structure of different countries is not the same. The consumption structure of Pa in the United States, Europe, and Japan in 1999 is shown in Table 4. As can be seen from Table 4, Japan has a larger share of film (mainly Pa6) than other countries and regions, while the European electrical and electronics industry accounts for a relatively high proportion of Pa. Table 4 1999 Pa resin application consumption structure (unit: 10,000 tons) Project United States Europe Japan Car 18.3 21.9 8.2 Electronics 4.1 11.5 2.5 Industry 3.7 3.9 1.9 Film 6.1 6 5.5 Other 9.3 14.7 3.5 Total 41.5 58 21.6 In 2000, the market of Pa engineering plastics in Western Europe was allocated: 31% for automobiles, 21% for electronics and electronics, 11% for packaging, 11% for consumer goods, 7% for machinery, 6% for buildings, 5% for sports and leisure, and 8% for others. In 2001, the consumption structure of Pa resin in Japan was 37% for automobile transportation, 23% for electronic and electrical, 10% for industrial crystal, and 30% for other (monofilament, film, wire and cable, pipe). Although the data from different sources are also different, it is undoubted that the automobile is the largest consumer market of Pa. The industry with the most application of Pa alloy and blended materials is also the automotive industry. For decades, Pa has successfully replaced metal for automotive interior parts, exterior trim, body and under-hood components. In order to save energy and reduce consumption, developed countries have long accelerated the pace of lightweight and plasticized vehicles, and used plastics for each vehicle as a sign of automobile modernization and technological progress. Some models have used more than 20ke per vehicle, such as BMW. The BMW328i model uses 162ke of engineering plastics per vehicle, accounting for 11.6% of the total weight of the vehicle, of which the amount of Pa is 21.8kg;", so it can be said that the automobile industry is one of the main driving forces for the development of the engineering plastics industry. It has balanced mechanical properties, good thermal properties and flame retardancy, can withstand the long-term working requirements of electrical and electronic components, and is suitable for making various switches, gears, household appliance parts, electronic facilities, large automotive electronic connectors, wiring terminals and Hand-operated power tool parts, etc. Pa single-layer film and its multi-layer film and container with other plastics can package meat, sausage, cheese, peanuts, fish, liquid food, etc., which can extend the shelf life of the product. In 2001, the world's Pa6 consumption structure was: automobile 34%, electronic and electrical 8%, machinery 18%, monofilament and film 30%, other 10%; and Pa66 market: car 50%, electronic and electrical 30%, machinery 20% 'q. It can be seen that the consumption markets of the two main types of Pa are different. market prediction In order to enhance the competitiveness of Pa with other materials (including engineering plastics), expand the scope of application, increase market share, improve the performance of product grades, such as Du Pont, from improving product performance, reducing costs and benefiting the environment. Resin manufacturers such as DSM, Rhodia, and Toray have successively introduced rapid prototyping grades, shortening the molding cycle and reducing production costs. The toughening modification using a metallocene polyolefin such as a polyolefin elastomer (POE) is more convenient than the modification with an elastomer, and the adjustable range is larger. At the same time, the number of manufacturers capable of producing flame retardant (especially halogen-free flame retardant) Pa grades has increased, and the number of products available for users has also increased. In addition, it is worth mentioning that Pa·nanocomposites are the most industrialized polymer-based nanocomposites with the highest output. The nanoparticles are small in filling amount, and the density of the modified products is almost the same as that of the basic crystallites. The superiority is obvious. Industrialists and consultants are generally optimistic about the future market of Pa engineering plastics. Some believe that their use will increase at an average annual rate of 7% from 2000 to 2005. There are also reports that the world Pa engineering plastics market is expected between 2001 and 2006. The average annual growth rate is 5%-6%" l. The share of production capacity in Asia will increase. The hotspots and future potential markets for Pa's engineering plastics market are: (1) Automotive engine intake manifold Automotive plants require integrated components, high-performance materials and simplified design to reduce production costs. Making a Pa suction manifold can make the product lighter and reduce the cost by 40%-50%, and the well has a damping effect. At present, European automotive plants are using Pa intake manifolds in the forefront, and the United States and other regions are expected to catch up quickly. (2) Heat resistance (especially solder heat resistance) crystal grade will be very active in the electrical industry, and the development and application of halogen-free gallbladder Pa elbow will receive more attention. (3) Food packaging film centered on Pa6 This product has promising application prospects. The biaxially oriented (BO)Pa film has good puncture resistance, barrier to oxygen and carbon dioxide, and retort resistance. The core film of the film can extend the shelf life of the food, the demand will increase steadily, and it will be expanded from Japan, which was originally developed and applied, to other countries and regions.
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