Jujube cultivation management techniques and measures to improve the fruiting rate

The sales volume of jujube in the market is very good. Many friends like it. Today, we will share with you the management techniques of jujube cultivation and the measures to increase the rate of fruiting.

Jujube is a deciduous tree with a height of 10 meters and a crown of oval. The bark is grayish brown with many cracks in the epidermis. Branches are divided into long branches, short branches and detached twigs. Flowering is generally in May-June, the corolla is small, and the color of the flower is yellow-green. The drupe is oblong, the mature period is usually cooked from August to September, and the color of the fruit is dark red after full ripening. The core is hard and diamond shaped. Jujube trees have good cold resistance and are suitable for growing in poor and sandy soil.

Jujube cultivation management techniques and measures to improve the fruiting rate:

First, the variety selection

The local tree species with strong drought resistance, cold resistance and resistance to thinness should be selected as excellent tree species, such as Zhongningyuanzao, Tongxinyuanzao and other native tree species.

Second, planting density

It is better to choose more than 2 tree species for planting in the same jujube garden. The main variety should account for more than 85%, and the row spacing of planting plants should be 4×6 meters, that is, 28 plants per acre.

Third, planting technology

1, seedling processing

The jujube seedlings should be trimmed before being planted. Before the planting, it is necessary to completely remove the binding interface of the marrying interface to avoid the "small foot disease" of the jujube tree and affect the growth of the canopy. The pruning of the roots, mainly trimming the damage, and the long root system, is preferably 20 cm long, which is conducive to the formation of new callus, promote the growth of new roots, and facilitate planting and easy survival. Partial sealing of seedlings: In order to prevent the evaporation of water and increase the survival rate of tree species, all the seedlings of the jujube seedlings above the surface of the seedlings should be completely sealed. Note that the wax temperature should be kept between 80-95 °C. Paraffin wax and water are prepared in a ratio of 2 to 1, and the mixture is poured into a heater to heat, so that the water is below, and the paraffin is on the top to ensure that the wax temperature does not exceed 95 °C. To avoid burns on the tree shrews, wax the tree trunks faster. Root soaking slurry: First, the drought-resistant water-retaining agent, rooting powder, and clay are mixed, and the water is adjusted into a paste. Soak the roots of the seedlings in the pool for more than 6 hours to achieve the germination effect. After the mashing, the roots are smashed, and the mixture is mixed to facilitate the germination of the new roots to increase the survival rate of the seedlings. The rooting powder is a mixture of butyl butyrate and naphthalene acetic acid at a concentration of 100 PPM. After the pulp is good, it is packed in a plastic woven bag and is waiting for planting.

2, land preparation. Due to drought, wind and poor irrigation conditions, it is generally not recommended to pre-level the land. It should be planted along with the whole land, and the land preparation should be carried out according to the row spacing of 3×8 m or 4×6 m. The land preparation process is to first remove 80×80 cm of surface sandstone at the acupoint, and dig a 50×50×50 cm planting hole. The excavated soil is placed on the other side of the mat to avoid soil and sand. mixing.

3, planting and irrigation: planting in strict accordance with the "one mention two stepping three buried soil" technical requirements for planting, planting depth to seedlings original soil printing is appropriate, before planting tree seedlings must be cleaned and buried in the tree pit Soil, then flatten the tree plate in a funnel shape. And timely irrigation to fix the roots, for the land that can not be irrigated in time after planting, you can use the mud planting method, that is, fill a little soil first and then pour a little water (about 9 kg) and paste, then plant the roots of the seedlings In the mud, to ensure the survival time of the seedlings by prolonging the buffer time after loading. After planting the seedlings, it is necessary to ensure that the seedlings are filled with fixed water in a timely manner, and the amount of irrigation should be carried out according to the degree of drought.

Fourth, post-plant management

1. Replenishment: The seedlings planted in the current year should have more appropriate irrigation times. The planting seedlings must be hydrated 4 to 6 times according to the soil conditions to ensure the growth of the roots and increase the survival rate.

2, winter: the key to the wintering of jujube trees is to prevent the harm of rats and rabbits and the prevention and control of freezing damage. In the autumn, the tree trays are cleaned and the rodenticide is placed. Before the winter, the main factors of binding the red dates, the oil, the animal blood and the waste plastic rods can reduce the harm of the rabbit to the trunk and the prevention of freezing damage.

3. Pruning: The plastic pruning of jujube trees is an indispensable management measure in the management of production, as well as other tree species. It should be shaped and trimmed according to the growth characteristics of jujube trees. The core task of pre-jujube plastic pruning is to enlarge the canopy and increase the amount of branches to form a good tree.

4. Pest control: Jujube trees mainly include jujube rust, jujube madness, black rot and anthracnose. Reasonable pruning, strengthen the ventilation and light transmission of the jujube garden, remove diseased trees and diseased branches at any time, and strengthen measures such as quarantine.

Jujube cultivation management techniques and measures to improve the fruiting rate

V. Measures to improve the rate of fruiting

(1) Improve nutrition supply

In jujube production, fertilization and irrigation are the basic conditions for ensuring robust growth, stable yield and high yield of fruit trees. Flat land gardens with good geographical conditions should be timely watered in the spring period and combined with soil fertilization. The amount of fertilization is properly fertilized according to soil fertility, tree size, density, and tree strength. The jujube trees, which are generally vigorously grown, are mainly used as farm base fertilizers for about 0.8 kg per year, and applied fertilizers before, after, and after the fruit is inflated.

(2) Adjusting the distribution of nutrition

1, spend its armor. It is generally best to carry out the armor during the critical period of flowering and fruit setting. It can alleviate the nutrient transition consumption during the growth of the above-ground trunk and flowering and fruit setting, and improve the fruiting rate. Jujube trees are generally in the flowering period and the young fruit period. The first open armor should be 20cm above the ground, first scrape off a circle of old bark, reveal the pink phloem, use the sharp knife to cut around the trunk for two weeks, deep into the xylem, cut off the phloem tissue.

2, growing branches topping. The period of jujube topping is generally carried out after the jujube grows to a certain number of knots. Generally, the jujube head can leave 3-7 secondary branches for topping, and the topping strength should vary depending on the variety and tree potential. The tree is strong and can be re-extracted. The secondary branching time is related to the topping with the growth, and the degree of topping is related to its position on the primary branch. For the jujube head of the re-extracted heart, the secondary branches generally grow longer.

(3) Creating good pollination conditions

Choose a pollination tree that is configured, and put a bee on the flowering season. Jujube is a typical insect flower, rich in nectar and rich in flavor. Bee is the best pollinator. The beehives are generally placed evenly in the jujube garden, and the spacing of the beehives does not exceed 280 m. Bees begin to nest at a temperature of 10 degrees, and are most active at 16-29 degrees. If the wind speed is high during the flowering period, the temperature is low or rainfall, the bee activity is less, and the pollination effect is poor. At this time, it is necessary to spray water and spray sucrose solution at the flowering stage to increase the pollination rate and achieve the effect of increasing the yield.