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Mobile payment is also referred to as mobile payment (Mobile Payment). A transaction is performed by both parties of the transaction for a certain commodity or service, the use of a mobile phone as a payment carrier, and the completion of a mobile communication network. In short, it is a service mode that allows mobile users to use their mobile terminal (usually a mobile phone) to make payment for the goods or services they consume.
Customers can use mobile phone numbers, payment cards, bank cards and other payment accounts through SMS, WAP, and client terminals to provide bill payment, mobile phone recharge, utility bill payment, order goods service, self-service finance, and mobile phone scanning. Consumption and other mobile self-service payment services.
The method and characteristics of mobile payment The main method of mobile payment
1, the first way: the cost is charged directly through the mobile phone bill, the user pays the bill while paying his mobile phone bill, in this way, the mobile operator provides the user with credit, but this way of generation charging The mobile operators are suspected of having over-range financial operations, they must obtain permission from the national regulatory agency, and pay a small amount of money, so their payment scope is limited to the download of mobile phone ring tones and other limited services;
2. (2) The second way: The fee is deducted from the user's bank account (ie debit account) or credit card account. In this mode, the mobile phone is just a channel for the exchange of information, and the user's bank account number or credit card number. Connect with their mobile number.
3. (3) The third way: The fee is deducted from the independent non-communication account. In the mobile phone card used by the user, an independent account (hereinafter referred to as the mobile wallet card electronic wallet) is used to pay for the communication fee. In the consumer behavior, the user transfers the money in the user's bank card into the electronic wallet of the mobile phone card through the mobile phone ringing system set in the mobile phone card system, and can perform the near field payment application in a closed environment.
The main features of mobile payment
Mobile payment based on mobile phones continues to heat up in the world, and its applications are highly valued by mobile operators and service providers. The advantages of mobile payment are: mobile phone payment has a huge potential user group; the portability of mobile phones provides a basis for carrying out various mobile payment services; at the same time, with the help of mobile communication networks, mobile phone payment can be performed anytime, anywhere, and spans time and area. limits. Based on the smart card technology, the combination of smart cards and mobile phones has the characteristics of safe and rapid transactions, and is the current development direction of mobile payment technologies.
The realization of mobile payment
The three elements that must be fulfilled to complete a payment: payment account, payment carrier, and payment environment.
1. The payment account is the most important link in the mobile payment system. It can be said that the establishment and ownership of this account determines the controller of the mobile payment system. The owner of the mobile payment account can not only control the intervention of the user through the account, but also analyze the behavior of the user through the occurrence information of the account. At present, the main account for mobile payment in China is in banks. Therefore, the important control link for payment is banks, or UnionPay. In terms of Internet payments, third-party payments have already emerged. These payers have established accounts that are independent of traditional banks and use these accounts to own the ultimate consumer users.
2. The payment carrier is a tool that the user uses to complete the payment operation. For example, savings cards and credit cards of traditional banks, including consumer cards issued by some institutions, are carriers of payment. The importance of payment carriers is weaker than that of accounts. Therefore, if the mobile phone payment only uses the mobile phone as a simple payment carrier, then the operator will never dominate the mobile phone payment because the carrier can be replaced at any time as long as it is convenient to use.
3. The payment environment is a long established process. Without a perfect and extensive payment environment, it is equivalent to having weapons but no battlefield. The establishment of a payment environment is not an overnight process and is a long-term development process. For example, we have been accustomed to bank card spending, if there is no extensive installation of POS machines, then these bank cards will not play a role. In the same way, if mobile payment does not have a convenient payment environment, its role will not be equally effective.
Technical means for mobile payment
The entire mobile payment value chain includes mobile operators, payment service providers (such as banks, UnionPay, etc.), application providers (public transportation, campus, public utilities, etc.), equipment providers (terminal manufacturers, card suppliers, chip providers, etc.) , system integrators, merchants, and end users.
At present, there are mainly three kinds of mobile payment technology implementation programs: NFC, RFID-SIM and SIMpass, of which the latter two are currently more domestic applications.
NFC (NearFieldCommunication)
NFC, short-range wireless communication technology, developed by Philips and Sony Corporation, is a non-contact recognition and interconnection technology that enables close-range wireless communication between mobile devices, consumer electronics, PCs, and smart control tools. Communication. NFC offers a simple, touch-based solution that allows consumers to simply and intuitively exchange information, access content and services.
NFC integrates contactless readers, contactless cards, and Peer-to-Peer functionality into a single chip, creating countless new opportunities for consumers' lifestyles. This is an open interface platform that can quickly and proactively set up wireless networks. It is also a virtual connector that serves existing cellular networks, Bluetooth and wireless 802.11 devices. This solution combines the contactless smart card technology with a mobile phone, integrates the radio frequency chip into the mobile phone mainboard, and realizes communication between the mobile phone and the POS machine or card reader.
However, this kind of mobile payment solution has its inherent flaws. Users must use mobile phone payment services to be replaced by operators' special mobile phones. This not only brings higher costs to operators and users, but also due to the fact that the strength of the transparent transmission signal is maintained. The back cover can not use metal, more plastic material. The aesthetic appearance of the mobile phone is limited, and users cannot freely change their favorite mobile phone types. Based on this, although this plan was launched earlier, it was only promoted by some operators in Japan and Korea. China's mobile phone users are accustomed to frequent replacement of mobile phones, and this solution is obviously difficult to accept.
RFID-SIM
The RFID-SIM card is a product that the dual interface smart card (RFID card and SIM card) technology penetrates into the mobile phone field and is a new type of mobile phone SIM card. RFID-SIM card not only has the same mobile communication function as an ordinary SIM card, but also can carry out near-field wireless communication with the antenna and reader attached to it, so that it can be extended to atypical fields, especially the on-site mobile payment and identity authentication functions. .
RFID-SIM supports contact and non-contact two working interfaces. The contact interface is responsible for the application of the SIM card and completes the normal functions of the mobile phone card, such as telephone and SMS functions. At the same time, the non-contact interface can realize non-contact consumption, access control, attendance and other applications. And due to supporting over-the-air related specifications (OTA and WIB specifications), users of RFID-SIM cards can update applications in mobile phones or recharge accounts in real time via over-the-air downloading, so that mobile phones can be truly intelligent as they are used and used. electronic wallet.
SIMpass
SIMpass technology integrates DI card technology and SIM card technology, or dual-interface SIM card. SIMpass is a multifunctional SIM card that supports two working interfaces, contact and non-contact. The contact interface implements the SIM function. The non-contact interface implements the payment function and is compatible with multiple smart card application specifications.
Using SIMpass technology, various mobile phone-based on-site mobile payment services can be carried out with the support of wireless communication networks and corresponding mobile payment service service platforms. Users who use SIMpass only need to swipe forward at the corresponding consumer terminals to complete the payment process safely and easily.
The application of SIMpass is a systematic project, including the cooperation of SIMpass-enabled mobile phones, merchant-supplied consumer terminals, SIMpass application settlement platforms, communication networks provided by mobile operators, and banking service platforms.
SIMpass can carry out a variety of specific smart card application systems under the support of the application system environment. There are many advantages: (1) using a mobile phone as a payment instrument without the need to carry a smart card; (2) trading in a non-contact manner, with a fast transaction speed, and suitable for applications such as cinemas, buses, and rail transit with high traffic; ( 3) SIMpass supports multiple applications with one card, which can be used for multiple applications such as water purchase, electricity purchase, gas purchase, firewall between applications, each application can have an independent security policy and file system; (4) SIMpass is flexible and can use SIM The OTA function provided by the card is used to update the card-end application; (5) The DES, RSA, and other security algorithms are supported, and the corresponding security system can be established according to the application requirements; (6) SIMpass compatibility is strong, compatible with the existing urban one-card DI card application environment This is very conducive to the implementation of mobile payment in the city card application.
SIMpass application areas: (1) Public transport, e-tickets and other urban card applications. Can be used for bus, rail transit, taxi fare payment; can be used for tickets for movie theaters, theaters, parks, entertainment venues, etc. (2) Small payments. SIMPASS has an electronic wallet function and can carry out various mobile phone micropayment services.
Development status of domestic mobile payment market Several development stages of domestic mobile payment market
Payment via mobile SMS access is the earliest mobile payment in China. This approach began in 2001, and many mobile phone users have experienced it. For example, we purchased a computer anti-virus software on the Internet. After entering the mobile phone number and confirming the payment, the mobile phone will receive an SMS password verification and complete the transaction upon input. At present, this payment method is still the most widely used. However, this method can only be a small payment, a large amount of payment, the operator does not support, and the function is relatively simple.
The second mobile payment method is a mobile WAP website, which is paid for after shopping. Many WAP merchants use their own payment methods to complete transactions with mobile phone users. However, the development of this method is also relatively slow. The main constraint is that the 2G communication network is slow at that time and users will lose patience.
The third phase is the remote payment and near-end transactions that have been developed in the last year or two. The typical application of remote payment is to complete the remote transaction transfer or payment through the transaction platform inside the mobile phone, such as mobile Alipay. The typical application of the near-end transaction is to swipe the mobile phone, and all major operators are promoting it.
The rapid development of the domestic mobile payment market
As early as 1999, the industry's attempt to pay for mobile phones had begun: China Mobile had been working with the financial sectors such as Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and China Merchants Bank in that year, and began piloting mobile payment services in Beijing and Guangdong. However, due to the constraints of technology, policies, and business models, mobile payment has been developing slowly.
Since the second half of 2004, the number of major third-party mobile payment service providers has seen an increase in volume, which has led to a wider geographical coverage of mobile payment services, and other links in the industry chain have also increasingly sought cooperation. opportunity. Since the second half of 2004, mobile payments have entered a period of rapid geographic expansion. In 2005, the number of mobile payment users reached 15.6 million, an increase of 134% year-on-year, accounting for 4% of the total number of mobile communication users, and the industry scale reached 340 million yuan; in 2007, due to the maturity of the industry chain, the formation of user spending habits and infrastructure The completion of the mobile payment business will enter the inflection point of the rapid growth of the industry scale.
In 2009, mobile payment became more convenient as 3G became operational in China and its market size continued to expand, and as mobile payment technology continued to mature. The mobile e-commerce pilot demonstration project (mobile phone payment) has been listed by the state as one of the six key guiding projects for the deployment of the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†of e-commerce development. In 2009, it was also the year that the domestic mobile payment market began to grow. The banks, telecom operators, and third-party payment companies each launched their own mobile payment service: Bank of Communications launched a new generation of mobile banking on June 27, 2009. ——E Mobility Bank, knowing that the other party’s mobile phone number can transfer funds; Alipay’s mobile payment service will make its debut on November 10, and can use the mobile phone to pay Alipay account payment and pay water and electrical bills; on December 21st, China Telecom Jiangsu The company announced that the “wing cartoon†business will be put into commercial use in Nanjing and Suzhou. Citizens can use the Tianyi mobile phone directly to take buses, subways and shopping.
Iimediaresearch research found that the market size of China's mobile payment market exceeded 10 billion yuan in 2010, with a year-on-year growth rate of 312.0%. iimediaresearch predicts that mobile payment will experience explosive growth in China in 2013. The annual market size will reach 239.6 billion yuan, 23 times that of 2010. China is a developing country. The popularization of the Internet, the further improvement of the banking system and laws and regulations, and the increasingly mature technology have promoted China's mobile payment function to enter a period of rapid growth.
These data seem to indicate that China's mobile payment development has begun. But from China's user base, from the perspective of China's Internet payment and the development model of mobile payment, China's mobile payment is still in its early stages, both in terms of business volume and business model.
Wireless payment will account for 30%-40% of the third-party payment area in the next 3 to 5 years. At present, mobile payment has not yet formed a competitive pattern, because it is a totally new industry and it is in the early stages of development, and it requires a lot of companies to Their respective advantages advance the development of this industry.
Several characteristics of domestic mobile payment
(1) China's major mobile payment methods are based on the binding of mobile phone numbers and bank card accounts, which means that the mobile phone, or phone number, is only a confirmation of identity, and the main payment is still in the bank.
(2) Another mode of use is the establishment of small expenses for mobile phone charges. The fees paid by the mobile phone are first of all included in the system of mobile phone charges, and the operator conducts unified billing. For operators, post-paid service users are equivalent to credit cards, and for pre-paid users, they are equivalent to savings cards. However, this payment is limited to small payments.
(3) Whether it is the connection with a bank card account or micropayment, the use environment and usage scenarios of mobile payment have not yet been established in China. For the use of micropayments, it is also possible to establish a use environment, but there are limitations in the amount of business and the scope of use. The final result is likely to be more investment and less profit. For the mobile payment mode bundled with the bank card account, POS machines are currently installed in many use environments to pay for the card. Therefore, at least on-site payment, there is no room for further development of mobile payment in this mode. .
The main factors that restrict the development of mobile payment
As the world’s largest mobile phone user country, over 600 million users have a bright future for mobile e-commerce. However, many people in the industry believe that in the current market environment, issues such as the insecurity of information security, credit systems, policies and regulations, and settlement standards, the popularity of channel terminals, and changes in consumer attitudes are still pending, which will restrict China’s mobile payment. Market development.
(1) Most mobile phone users have encountered harassment of spam messages (message, MMS, and phone), and the authorities have cracked down on it with little success. The law-breakers still can use more subtle tactics to penetrate the user's mobile phone. If the signal transmission process itself has a security problem. In addition, the phenomenon of stealing mobile phones occurs from time to time. Once mobile phones are linked to personal bank cards, a mobile phone will contain more important personal privacy information. This makes the probability and risk of personal information leakage caused by the loss and damage of mobile phones are much higher than traditional banks. card. When the wrong money is deducted or the mobile phone is robbed or stolen, how can the user's interests be protected and who will protect it?
(2) The machine-card separation model and the hard-to-implement mobile phone real-name system make it difficult for the credit account of mobile payment users to be established effectively, which directly restricts the implementation of the overall mobile payment credit system. The opaque charging model and overlord terms of domestic carriers have left their names in the hearts of users for a long time. Many people have experienced inexplicable bill charges. Once the mobile phone is linked with the bank card, the user is more worried about the unreasonable expenses, which also directly affects the user's trust in the "mobile payment" application. To promote mobile payment, operators should first regain goodwill.
(3) Mobile phone payment is still in the primary stage in China, and the integration of the service between the two systems of the operator and the bank is difficult to complete. With a variety of interests, the relevant regulations are still missing. In addition, the mobile payment service will cause operators to be involved in the operation of “finance-like financial services†and be in a grey zone of supervision of the state’s financial policies, which will make it difficult for the legitimate rights and interests of users to be protected by policies. Therefore, only by continuously improving the overall credit environment and strengthening supervision and self-discipline can we really promote the large-scale adoption of this application.
(4) The parties to mobile payment have not reached a unified settlement standard. Both traditional cash and bank card payment methods and the emerging online Alipay, etc., are all based on bank settlement standards. There are new problems in mobile payment based on mobile internet and the above payment standards. That is, communication operators must achieve a unified settlement standard with banking institutions to facilitate promotion.
At present, there are three major payment methods for mobile phone payment: mobile phone bills, bank cards, and payment platforms. From the point of view of market response, they have failed to gain widespread recognition among the industry and consumers. For the entire mobile payment industry chain, it is an urgent need to solve a mobile payment standard that is reasonable and unified and that can make consumers use it conveniently.
(5) Although the issue of mobile payment security has been technically solved, the harmonization of mobile payment standards will still take some time. At present, there are mainly three kinds of mobile payment technology solutions in China: NFC, SIMpass, and RFID-SIM. Although the 13.56M payment standard is currently a relatively mature payment method, the voice of support from various manufacturers is also high, such as China Telecom's leading SIMpass mobile payment method. However, 2.4G RFID-SIM technology has Chinese characteristics and relevant intellectual property rights are all domestic. As the 2.4G technology matures, it is also playing a role that distinguishes it from the 13.56M, which is a mid-range application, and is applied to the brakes and personnel positioning. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has also begun to draw up 2.4G related technical standards and will soon be promulgated. From the analysis of RFID-SIM alone, there are three chip manufacturers in China: National Technology, Xiamen Shenghua and China Science and Technology Communications. Each of them has its own standard in 2.4G technology and is incompatible with each other. Each card cannot be in the same The use of the project has become a serious problem at present. In order to solve such problems, corresponding policies must be issued by relevant national departments to force chip manufacturers to cooperate and formulate technical solutions for unified standards.
(6) Consumption of cash and bank cards has become a consumer habit for a long time. For mobile payment methods such as mobile wallets, most consumers still have security and operational concerns. Long-term promotion and publicity of the payment industry chain.
What is mobile payment