Rolling bearings will change their load carrying capacity, rotation accuracy and wear resistance due to their own quality and external conditions during use. When the performance index of the bearing is lower than the use requirement and cannot work normally, the bearing will fail or even fail. After the bearing fails, the machine and equipment will stop and there will be various abnormal phenomena such as loss of function. It is necessary to find out the cause of the occurrence in a short period of time and take corresponding measures. In order to maintain the bearing under good conditions, it can maintain its proper performance and long-term use. Bearings must be inspected and maintained. Inspection and maintenance are important to prevent malfunctions. During operation, focus on the rolling noise, vibration, temperature and lubricant of the bearings. 1, the rolling sound of the bearing The rolling bearing noise is generated by the bearing itself, that is, the inherent noise of the bearing; the other is the noise generated after the bearing is installed, which has nothing to do with the noise of the bearing itself. Some problems can be analyzed by listening to the sound. a) Inherent noise: rolling Daosheng "All kinds of bearings and rolling friction (cylindrical roller bearings) are the inherent sound of rolling bearings." The rolling sound is generated by the elastic characteristics of the rolling elements in contact with the raceway. When the bearing rotates, the rolling elements are rolling. A continuous and sleek sound from the rolling of the road; abnormal rolling friction sounds can produce an uncomfortable metal friction abnormal sound such as "squeaky, squeaky", which does not sound when well lubricated. Therefore, under normal circumstances, it is not a problem, only attention should be paid after the noise increases. b) Noise associated with bearing manufacturing: This includes cage noise and vibrato. The cage noise mainly occurs in ball bearings and tapered roller bearings. When the bearing rotates, the cage will vibrate and the cage will collide with the rolling elements. Make noise. This sound has periodicity. Vibrato (various bearings) is a sound with a certain frequency, which is caused by the vibration caused by the large waviness on the raceway surface. c) Noise caused by improper use: for all kinds of bearings. When the bearing raceway surface or the rolling element surface is bumped, crushed, or rusted, there will be a certain period of noise and vibration. When the bearing is in operation, dust will generate dirt noise. This noise is not Periodically, it is also accompanied by vibration, and its sound size is not fixed, sometimes it is not. 2, the vibration of the bearing The vibration of the bearing has obvious influence on the failure of the bearing. For example, peeling, indentation, rust, crack, wear, etc. are reflected in the bearing vibration detection, so the special bearing vibration measuring device (frequency analyzer, vibrometer, etc.) is adopted. The magnitude of the vibration can be measured. The specific situation of the abnormal vibration can be inferred by the frequency distribution. The measured value varies depending on the condition of the bearing or the installation position of the sensor. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and compare the measured values ​​of each machine in advance. After determining the criteria. 3, the temperature of the bearing Usually the temperature of the bearing rises slowly with the start of the operation, and reaches a steady state after 1 to 2 hours. The normal temperature of the bearing varies with the heat capacity, heat dissipation, speed and load of the machine. If the lubrication and installation are not suitable, the bearing temperature It will rise sharply and abnormal temperature will occur. At this time, it is necessary to stop the machine and take necessary precautions. 4, lubricant Lubrication has an important influence on the fatigue life of rolling bearings and friction, wear, temperature rise, vibration, etc. Without normal lubrication, the bearing can not work. Analysis of the damage of the bearing indicates that about 40% of the bearing damage is related to poor lubrication. Good lubrication of the bearing is an effective measure to reduce bearing friction and wear. In addition, the lubrication of the bearing also plays a role in heat dissipation, rust prevention, sealing, and mitigation of impact. To ensure that the lubricant cannot expire, the selection should be correct. Lubrication of harvester bearings is divided into oil lubrication and grease lubrication. For large gearbox oil lubrication, GL-5 80W90 gear oil is used. For grease lubrication, lithium molybdenum disulfide grease is generally used. Lubrication torque increaser is steplessly variable. The lower unit must be lubricated with Mobil XHP222 or better grease. There are many reasons for the failure of the bearing. In addition to the normal fatigue spalling, factors such as failure of the seal, excessive bearing clearance caused by over-tightening, or poor lubrication can leave special signs of failure and failure. Therefore, the failed bearing is checked. Most of the time, the cause of the bearing failure can be found, so that countermeasures can be taken in time. Generally speaking, one-third of the bearing failure is because the bearing has reached the fatigue spalling period, which is a normal failure; 1/3 due to poor lubrication, leading to premature failure, 1/3 Because the contaminants enter the bearing or are installed incorrectly, the bearing fails prematurely. Generally speaking, when the bearing is not working properly, there are seven common symptoms: overheating of the bearing, excessive bearing noise, low bearing life, and high vibration. The machine performance requirements are not met, the bearing is loose on the shaft, and the shaft is difficult to rotate. Typical causes of seven common symptoms: grease, lubricating oil expired or incorrectly selected; grease is too full or oil level is too high; bearing clearance is too small; bearing housing bore is not round, bearing housing is distorted, support surface The inner diameter of the bearing housing hole is too small; the interference of the contact oil seal is too large or the spring is too tight; there are two fixed bearings on one shaft, the bearing clearance becomes smaller due to the shaft expansion; the tightening sleeve is excessively locked; the bearing The box hole is too large and the force is unbalanced; the coaxiality of two or more bearings is not good; the anti-loose snap ring contacts the bearing; the contact oil seal is seriously worn, causing the lubricating oil to leak; the diameter of the shaft is too large. As a result, the inner ring of the bearing is seriously expanded, and the bearing clearance is reduced; since the material of the box hole is too soft, the hole diameter becomes large after the force is applied, causing the outer ring to slip in the box hole; the oil level is too low, and the grease in the bearing box is insufficient; Miscellaneous materials, sand, carbon powder or other contaminants enter the bearing housing; water, acid, paint or other contaminants enter the bearing housing; debris and other debris in the bearing housing are not cleaned before the bearing is installed; the shaft diameter is too small, Tightening of the sleeve is not enough; due to the slipping effect (due to the rapid start), the rolling element has scratches; the shaft is bent due to the unreasonable size of the shoulder; the shoulder is rubbed against the bearing sealing cover; the shoulder is at the inner end of the bearing housing If the area is too small, the outer ring of the bearing is twisted; the bearing seal cover is twisted; the shaft and the bearing inner sleeve are twisted; the shaft and the bearing sleeve are twisted; the incorrect installation method is to directly strike the bearing with a hammer; the rotating part in the machine is in contact with the stationary part The contact oil seal is severely worn, causing the oil to leak; the bearing clearance is too large to cause the shaft to vibrate. 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