(Reporter Wu Pei) Recently, the International Tomato Variation Team led by Huang Sanwen, a researcher of the Vegetable and Flower Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and deputy director of the Shenzhen Agricultural Genomics Institute, conducted a resequencing analysis of 360 tomato germplasms around the world. A complete tomato genetic variation map was constructed, laying the foundation for revealing the evolutionary history of tomato, gene mining and molecular breeding. The latest research results are published online in the October 13 issue of Nature Genetics. According to reports, the large-fruit-cultivated tomatoes that people eat are domesticated from wild tomatoes. During the long-term domestication process, wild tomato fruits have undergone significant changes in weight, color, and shape. Wild tomato fruit is very small, weighs only 1 to 2 grams, while the modern cultivated tomato fruit weight is more than 100 times that of its ancestors, however, the artificial domestication process of tomato has not been fully studied. Through population genetics analysis, the research team successfully revealed that the growth of tomato fruit experienced two evolutionary processes from gooseberry tomato to cherry tomato to fruit-cultivated tomato, with 5 and 13 fruits in the process. Weight genes have been targeted by humans. At the same time, the research team found that chromosome 5 is the main genomic region that determines the differences between fresh and processed tomatoes. This area contains multiple genes that control tomato soluble solids and fruit firmness. These genes confer significant characteristics on processed tomatoes. Through genome-wide association analysis, the team discovered a key mutation site that determines the color of the peel of the powder. The mutation in this site results in the deletion of the promoter region of SIMYB12 gene, which in turn affects the expression of the gene, making the mature tomato fruit The fact that flavonoids cannot accumulate in the pericarp provides an effective molecular breeding tool for breeding tomato and tomato varieties. In addition, in view of the widespread application of wild germplasm resources in modern tomato breeding, the team used comparative genomics to accurately define the position and length of wild tomato genome segments in the cultivated tomato genome, thus making it possible to further expand the tomato breeding space. . For the commercialization of tomato, due to the pursuit of high yield, resistance to storage and transportation, and quality degradation, based on the big data of tomato mutants, the Huang Sanwen team is closely liaising with the tomato quality breeding team led by Prof. Harry Klee of the American Academy of Sciences. The cooperation will clarify the mechanism of metabolism and accumulation of more than 20 kinds of volatile substances that affect tomato flavor, and provide new tools for the development of more delicious tomatoes. Transparent Roller Shutter Door
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