The pace of animal husbandry development is getting faster and faster. Not only is the demand for livestock and poultry products rising rapidly, but also the requirements for its quality and safety are getting higher and higher. In addition, the emphasis on environmental protection is increasing year by year, and the future animal husbandry Will be on the road to sustainable development. Driven by such a large environment, China's livestock industry has gradually developed a series of new feed additives that meet safety standards through continuous exploration and exploration. Below, we will conduct in-depth discussions on micro-ecological preparations that have been widely promoted and applied in the industry in recent years. As early as 1947, some scholars discovered that Lactobacillus was used in piglets to improve production performance and improve health. However, at the time of the golden age of antibiotic development, the research and development of microecological preparations did not receive enough attention. This has also led to the lag in the development of microecological preparations. It was not until the 1970s that it gradually turned to the development and application of microecological preparations, and the domestic start was a little later. In the early 1980s, Professor He Mingqing from Sichuan Agricultural University based on the results of qualitative, quantitative and localization of 12 microbial populations in diseased and healthy intestines, and proposed that the reason for the squatting of young livestock and poultry is the imbalance of intestinal flora. This opened the door to the micro-ecological research of the Chinese. Microecological preparations are physiologically active bacterial products (microorganisms) and their metabolites that promote ecological disorders, maintain micro-ecological balance, improve the health of the host (human, animal and plant) or maintain a healthy state under the guidance of microecology theory. Microbial preparations in which these physiological flora grow and multiply. Internationally, microecological preparations are divided into three types, namely probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. At present, the research on microecological preparations has not only been limited to a single variety, but also the compound utilization of strains, the combined application of live bacteria preparations and other substances, or the use of high-tech means for the preparation of live bacteria. Processing to achieve better application results. The research and application of microecological preparations has gradually moved from tradition to high-tech industry. Although the role of microecological preparations in animal production, human medicine, food safety, etc. is undoubted, there are certain problems in actual production and application, which have been plaguing the vast number of livestock workers. The long-term development of microecological preparations has become a focus of common concern in the industry. Big "home" has something to say! åˆå…¶çŽ‰ (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Feed Research Institute, Researcher) It is necessary to explore the smallest unit of microecological preparations. Microecological preparations are not essential nutrients for animals. They are active substances and play an important role in regulating animal ecological balance and have an unpredictable effect on animal health and production potential. There are mysteries and uncertainties in the use mechanism and use of microecological preparations. The effect of a certain preparation on an animal in a certain physiological period and a specific environment may be very significant, but it is not obvious in other cases. It is not like essential vitamins, amino acids, etc., and can establish a certain model or proportion. Undoubtedly, microecological preparations will become one of the key contents of the development of feed industry, which plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring feed safety and animal product quality. What is the smallest unit of microecological preparations? The interaction between microecological preparations, The interaction between microecological preparations and hosts should be a research hotspot, which is convenient for laying a theoretical foundation for production applications. Chang Weishan (Professor, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University) The microecological preparation is a feed additive, not a "medicine." Its function is mainly to regulate the intestinal micro-ecological balance of animals, thereby deriving immune regulation and reducing diarrhea. At the same time, it can secrete some enzymes and vitamins to increase feed utilization, improve the body's nutritional status and reduce ammonia regulation. However, these effects are often slower and less obvious. Therefore, I think that probiotics play a performance role, which is a kind of quiet and silent effect, and can't be realized immediately. What are the functions of microecological preparations that are easier to observe? The first is deodorization. After using microecological preparations for pigs and poultry, the ammonia concentration in the enclosure can be significantly reduced, and the manure formation and excretion are reduced. Secondly, the laying hens use 1~ After 2 weeks, the quality of the eggshell can be improved, the color of the egg yolk is deepened, and the viscosity of the egg white is increased. The fur of the fur animal is bright; after long-term use, the egg laying peak period can be prolonged and the feed utilization rate can be increased by 3% to 5%. The role of microecological preparations is still not fully excavated. At present, some studies have found that certain strains can adsorb or degrade mycotoxins; using microecological preparations to produce fermented feed can significantly reduce intestinal diseases of livestock and poultry; fermenting Chinese herbal medicine can improve the palatability of Chinese herbal medicine; treating livestock manure can accelerate fecal decomposing; Feed can improve the quality of silage. Misuse of microecological preparations: diarrhea for the treatment of antibiotics is ineffective, certainly not satisfactory, because microecological preparations are far less effective than antibiotics in treating diarrhea; it is misleading to not use antibiotics or even reduce the therapeutic effect of antibiotics. Because microecological preparations are used together with antibiotics, they are usually killed. However, the half-life of antibiotics is usually very short. Once they fail, microecological preparations will work. At the same time, microecological preparations generally have no resistance and will not degrade antibiotics. Have a taste of it. Insufficient microecological preparations: water-use microecological preparations will block water lines for a long time; liquid dosage forms and bifidobacteria preparations should not be stored for a long time; probiotics other than Bacillus cannot tolerate high temperatures above 72 °C. Chen Zhenmin (National Engineering Research Center for Microbial Pesticide, Chief Engineer; Associate Professor, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University) In the Feed Additives Catalogue (2013) issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of China, six Bacillus have been officially approved for the production of feed additives such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus coagulans, and slow spores. Bacillus and Bacillus licheniformis. The fermentation process of Bacillus bacteria has solid-state fermentation method and liquid deep-layer fermentation method. At present, liquid fermentation is mainly used to produce Bacillus preparations. High-density fermentation technology and application technology of high-content Bacillus preparation have become the current research hotspots and key points. one. However, how to achieve the industrialization and application of high-content Bacillus preparations is still a new challenge for many micro-ecological preparation companies. For example, how to develop a personalized spore agent product according to the source of different diversity and function of Bacillus strains and specific breeding objects, to improve the productivity of the strain, to inhibit the autolysis of the cells in the fermentation, Control of high spore formation rate, effective prevention of phage contamination in fermentation, improvement of stability of spore preparation and extension of shelf life, synergy between Bacillus and other microecological preparations, interaction between Bacillus and intestinal flora, spore The growth promoting mechanism of Bacillus, the combined use of Bacillus and other feed additives (microecological preparations, acidulants, oligosaccharides, enzyme preparations, etc.). Once these problems are fundamentally solved, the industrialization of high-content Bacillus preparations will be vigorously promoted, thereby providing a high-quality and inexpensive source of fungicides for the promotion of enterprises, and further promoting the wider application of Bacillus microecological preparations. Zhou (Hunan Zhenghong Technology Development Co., Ltd. R & D Department, formulator) As an additive that can be directly fed to animals, microecological preparations have been recognized by more and more livestock practitioners in improving the body's immunity, preventing diseases, improving production performance and improving the breeding environment. At present, the use of microecological preparations by feed enterprises and large-scale aquaculture enterprises is becoming more and more common, and the use effect is fully affirmed. For example, large feed enterprises such as Dabei Nong and Liuhe have established specialized micro-ecological production enterprises to Provide micro-ecological products by yourself. However, due to the instability of the microecological preparation products, and the lack of a uniform quality standard in China, the current situation of the microecological preparation market is not standardized, causing some negative effects in the livestock industry, and even forming some wrong concepts. . Many people always compare microecological preparations with antibiotics and think that they are not as effective as antibiotics and have no use value. In fact, the main role of microecological preparation products is prevention, and the therapeutic effect is not as fast as antibiotics. However, long-term use of micro-ecological preparations is conducive to the long-term health of animals and to the improvement of animal living environment. Recent studies have found that some microecological preparation products and composite strains have better effects than single strains, thus causing some farmers to think that the more types of strains contained in the microecological preparation products, the better. In fact, there are relatively complex effects between microorganisms and microorganisms, such as antagonism, mutual growth, neutrality, habitat, assistedness, partiality, parasitism and phagocytosis. The number of microorganisms increases, and if the mutual constraints of microorganisms predominate, they weaken their effects. Some industry personnel claim that the higher the bacterial content of the product, the better, regardless of the amount of addition and use. Even with the same amount of addition, some consumers would find that 500 million/g microbial preparations with less bacteria are not as cost-effective as 10 billion/g microbial preparations. In fact, micro-ecological preparations, especially lactic acid bacteria that can be planted in the road, can be propagated very quickly, and a small amount can be effective. The key is to have enough live bacteria to gain a dominant position in the intestine. Gu ( Research Institute, Dean) At this stage, through active research and exploration, some enterprises have not only simply produced and sold micro-ecological preparations, but also paid more attention to the provision and integration of system solutions. Especially the micro-ecology added to feed has accumulated rich experience and theoretical results. The operability and applicability have been greatly improved. The production of microecological preparations is relatively high, especially in order to achieve strict, stable and standard production control. The investment in fixed assets will be large in the early stage, but as long as the system production system is established, the production cost will be controlled. Because the country does not have a sound technical standard, there are cases where the product standards are different at the current stage. The characteristics of the products and the characteristics of the strains vary from one enterprise to another. There is indeed a lack of recognized reference standards, but under the premise of ensuring good use. It is also a good choice to use the standards of the major manufacturers. In addition, according to the "Feed Additives Catalogue (2013)" for the production of strains, scientific application of genetic modification technology and other transformation technologies, strict screening from strains to clean production, strengthening industry supervision and corporate self-discipline behavior is necessary. From the perspective of the public, it is not difficult to see that both research institutes and enterprises are actively exploring to solve the problems faced in the development and application of micro-ecological preparations. Then, what problems are there in the development and application of microecological preparations? Problem 1: Safety of strains We must clearly understand that not all strains are absolutely safe, and that microecological preparations are used as feed additives, and their use is mainly concentrated in young animals and weakly affected groups, so the selection of strains, reasonable dosage forms and The added dose must be strictly cautious. Some probiotics contain drug resistance factors that can be transferred to normal intestinal flora through the exchange of genetic material. Therefore, some people use genetically engineered bacteria containing drug resistance factors as probiotics. If the strains are not properly selected, the results will be Like the abuse of antibiotics, it will create a "superbug" that cannot be eliminated by any drug, which will pose a greater threat to humans. Moreover, not all natural substances are safe, and elements that are beneficial to the body may cause poisoning of animals if they are added in excess dose. However, there is no relevant report on the excessive use of probiotics. In addition, the issue of homology of strains has been controversial. At one time, the use of animal raw materials in ruminants was banned worldwide because of the large-scale outbreak of mad cow disease caused by the feeding of homologous raw materials. Recently, in the countries and regions such as North America and Canada, there has been a large-scale epidemic diarrhea caused by PEDV in pig plasma protein powder. Although there is no direct evidence that it is a problem of plasma protein powder, it has caused the same Controversy over the source of protein materials, many companies have put forward the call to eliminate the use of homologous protein materials in animal diets. In the future, whether the homology of the strains will face the same dilemma is still unknown. As far as the current research is concerned, homologous strains seem to have advantages over disadvantages. They have good adhesion and intestinal adaptability, and can be applied to different animals and different age stages. The content of miscellaneous bacteria is also one of the problems that plague the majority of livestock workers. It is often reported that some strains are washed away during the transportation process because of the proliferation of gas-producing bacteria; there is also a reaction because of the high rate of bacteria. Products added to animals are ineffective or have very low efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a good production process. The liquid submerged fermentation method used in the production of strains is an ideal method with relatively low bacterial rate, but it still needs to be further optimized and improved in the process. Problem 2: activity It is well known that activity is the basis for the efficacy of probiotics, and as a living microorganism, whether it is production, preservation or use, it needs to undergo a severe test. Aside from the level of processing, from the point of view of animal feeding, it is necessary to pass the extreme environment such as stomach acid and bile to reach the intestine, survive, colonize, and finally play a role. Each of these links will deplete the activity of probiotics. Therefore, how to ensure that the ingested probiotics maintain good activity in animals and exert their true physiological functions has become one of the research hotspots of microecological preparations in recent years. At present, the research is more on the strain coating technology. If the coating technology passes, it can achieve the effect of resisting gastric acid and bile salts, so that a large number of surviving probiotics can smoothly reach the intestinal tract of the animal, thereby exerting its physiological function. But with regard to coating technology, further research is needed. There are website forums for research, and the opinions of the families are not consistent, but they all belong to the common desire: to ensure the slow release effect of the microecological preparations, so that they can reach the intestinal tract smoothly. As far as the current coating technology is concerned, it has not been very satisfactory in terms of cost and effect. Therefore, to find coating materials with high efficiency, low cost and no toxic side effects, optimizing the coating process will be one of the directions for the development of microecological preparations. Question 3: The mechanism of action is not clear There are four main theories about the mechanism of microecological preparations: 1 dominant flora; 2 microbial oxygenation; 3 membrane flora barrier; 4 “three-stream operation†theory. But no matter which kind of statement, it is a big direction, and the specific mode of action and mechanism are still uncertain. However, this does not affect the wide application of microecological preparations in animal production. The concern of farmers is whether they can achieve the desired results. As for the mechanism, it seems that it should be a research and exploration problem in research institutes or national subjects. Question 4: Combined application with other substances The combination of microecological preparations and other substances can be divided into two aspects in general. One is the combination with certain biological feeds, such as enzyme preparations, herbal extracts, acidifiers, yeast cultures, short peptides, and the like. In this regard, the efficacy of the combined application is undoubted, and a large number of studies have shown that the combination of microecological preparations and the above substances is more effective. At present, the main controversy is the second aspect, namely the combined application of microecological preparations and antibiotics. As we all know, antibiotics have the effect of killing bacteria. Then, as a live bacterial preparation, if it is combined with antibiotics, will it be killed? At present, we seem to have to rely on antibiotics in the treatment of diseases, but broad-spectrum antibiotics will inevitably affect the microbial live bacterial preparations, which seems to restrict the application of microecological preparations. From the micro-ecological preparations in human clinical research, the combination of antibiotics and live bacterial preparations has a better therapeutic effect on certain infections than the antibiotics alone. In this case, it is generally advisable to treat the primary infection with antibiotics first, and then adjust the micro-ecology with micro-ecological live bacterial preparations, that is, first treatment and then adjustment, which is a reasonable choice; another method is to use antibiotics and microecological preparations. Separate use, separated by several hours in the middle to avoid the peak concentration of antibiotics; while the antibiotic antibacterial spectrum does not cover the microbial live bacterial preparation, both can be used simultaneously. In terms of growth promotion and disease prevention, other substances can be considered for replacement. Microecological preparations are currently recognized as green safety additives with good effects, which can alleviate the health and ecological problems caused by antibiotic abuse. Question 5: Scientific and rational use of In the use of microecological preparations, it is necessary to make reasonable selection according to the type of livestock and the production stage. In addition, screening for strains that are appropriate for a particular diet type or specific use is also one of the directions for future strain development. It is well known that different microecological preparations have different strains and cultures, so they must be treated with caution. At present, there are many applications of composite microecological preparations on the market, and farmers should use them in sufficient quantities to achieve the desired results. In terms of the amount of addition, many farmers blindly follow the trend and believe that imported products are superior to domestic products because the former adds less than the latter. However, according to industry sources, in fact, many imported micro-ecological additives are exported to domestic products. But why is the added amount of the label lower than the domestic product? The editor's analysis mainly has the following two reasons: 1 Foreign countries rarely or completely ban the use of antibiotics in production, so the added microecological preparations have less or no loss in this respect. Loss, but in the country must consider the loss caused by antibiotics; 2 Chinese people's habits. In the traditional aquaculture industry, many formulators will take into account the influence of external factors when formulating the formula. In order to ensure the good effect of the additive, that is, through mass or excess addition, this is achieved in zinc oxide. The use of it can be seen. Academician Wei Wei, a famous microbiologist in China and the founder of Chinese microecology, predicted that "the era after the brilliant antibiotics will be the era of live bacterial preparations." Microecological preparations have experienced rapid development in the process of research and development and application. The future development of micro-ecology will surely be a bright road full of challenges. (Source: feed and livestock new feed) SHOWER TRAY Shower Tray,sauna and steam bath,Shower Trays,portable steam bath,steam room spa Guangzhou Aijingsi Sanitary Products Co.,Ltd , https://www.comoxvalleyhottubs.com