Brief Description of Hail Disasters and Ocean Disasters

Hail disaster

Hail is an ice cube or ice hockey that has landed on the ground from a thriving cumulonimbus cloud. According to the size of the hail and its degree of damage, Jiang Bao can also be divided into three categories: light, medium and heavy. China is one of the countries with more disaster relief in the world.

(A) The concept of hail The hail is an ice cube or ice hockey that has landed on the ground from a thriving cumulonimbus cloud.

(II) Hazards of hail According to the size of the hail and its degree of damage, the hail can be classified into three categories: light haze, medium hail and heavy hail. Hail is harmful to crops. China is one of the countries with more disaster relief in the world.

(C) the geographical distribution of hail in China's characteristics 1, Dodo District: The Tibetan Plateau high-lying areas, more northern areas, the southern multi-territory area. 2. Shaoyu District: The Shaolin District in China is mainly distributed in the Great Plains, the Great Desert and the Great Basin. 3, hail distribution characteristics of time: China's hail concentrated season is mainly spring and summer early autumn period. According to the change characteristics of the hail seasons, they can be divided into the following four types: spring multi-type, summer multi-type, late spring and early summer multi-type, double-peak type. There are several types of diurnal changes in hailstorms: multiple types in the afternoon, diurnal types, multiple types at noon, and multiple peak types.

(4) The hail strength characteristics include the size of hail, the size and weight of hail, the duration of hail and the thickness of hail.

(five) prediction and defense of hail

1. The hailstorm is a severe weather that is difficult to predict. The meteorological observatory uses weather information such as weather radar, weather satellites and weather maps to track hail weather and extrapolate it. The civil society also has many forecasting experiences, such as "having more hail in dry years," "more steep winds in spring, more hail in summer," "clouds in the shape of black clouds, red clouds underneath, hail in front of the eyes," and so on. There are six methods for summing up predictions: ) Feeling cold and hot; (2) Distinguishing the wind direction: "No wind blows on the east wind, no wind blows on the south wind"; (3) See cloud colors; (4) Listen to thunder; (5) Know lightning; (6) Viewpoints Object image.

2, hail defense: (1) avoiding embarrassment; (2) flood prevention; (3) resistance to embarrassment; (4) elimination of eaves and avoiding embarrassment is the average person can do, and the latter three require special departments and personnel to carry out Now, with the advancement of technology, artificial elimination has been able to achieve better results.

3. Responses to hailstorms: (1) To learn about the weather forecast for hailstorms, people, animals, and outdoor objects should be transferred to safe areas. (2) When hail comes, try not to go out. When you have to go out, care should be taken to protect the head and face. (3) If you are outside when the hailstorm is coming, you should immediately look for a place to avoid, preferably a strong building. (4) If you are driving a car or inside a car, you should park it immediately in a place where you can avoid it. Do not rush forward to avoid unnecessary harm. (5) Sometimes, hailstorms can be accompanied by severe storms. Special precautions must be taken to prevent and avoid them.

Marine disaster

(a) Storm surge. The cold air from the high latitudes and the tropical cyclones from the sea interacted with each Other, causing coastal winds and huge waves to occur one after another. As a result, storm surges formed. The western Pacific is the region with the most storm surges. Types of storm surges: typhoon type; cold high pressure combined with yellow, Bohai cyclone type; horizontal cold high pressure type; strong isolated yellow, Bohai cyclone type; strong Mongolia low pressure type; storm surge disaster spatial distribution. China's storm surge spreads across the coast, but the main areas of concentration are from the north to the south: Laizhou Bay; Jiangsu Xiaoyang Estuary to Zhejiang Dehaimen; Wenzhou, Taizhou, Shajing to Minjiang Estuary; Guangdong Shantou to the Pearl River Estuary; Leizhou Peninsula The east coast and the northeast coast of Hainan Island.

(b) Disastrous waves. The waves that cause disasters at sea are called disastrous waves. The formation of disastrous waves: caused by typhoons, extra-tropical cyclones, cold waves and other weather systems and formed under strong winds. Disastrous waves are based on weather system type: cold high pressure type (also called cold wave type); typhoon type; cyclone type; cold high pressure and cyclotron type.

(iii) Sea ice. Sea ice is formed by the freezing of harmful water. It also includes river ice and icebergs that flow into the ocean. Sea ice is one of the prominent marine disasters in polar waters and certain high latitudes. Sea ice disaster. Pushing offshore oil platforms, damaging offshore engineering facilities, and waterway facilities, or crashing ships, causing major sea disasters; impeding the navigation of ships, damaging propellers or hulls, and implementing their ability to lose navigation. Sea ice blocked the harbor and caused the port to fail to operate normally or increase the cost of using the icebreaker to break ice for pilotage; the fishery fishing off period was too long and damage was caused by aquaculture facilities and sites, causing economic losses. The major features of sea ice disasters are: the Bohai Sea, which is prone to freezing in winter, the northern Yellow Sea, and the coastal waters of the Liaodong Peninsula, and parts of the Gulf of Shandong Peninsula.

(d) Tsunami. The tsunami is mainly a marine disaster caused by a severe earthquake in the Pacific coast countries.

Tsunami formation conditions: The tsunami-induced submarine quake has a shallow source, typically less than 20 to 50 kilometers; magnitude is generally above 6.5 on the Richter scale; there must be a large area of ​​vertical motion on the seabed; the sea area where seafloor earthquakes occur must have certain The water depth, especially the tsunami across the ocean, is generally more than 1,000 meters deep.

Tsunami hazards: The tsunami in the coastal area is manifested by a steep rise in seawater, which suddenly forms a “water wall” that runs toward the shore, accompanied by rumbling noises, instantaneously invading the coastal land, engulfing fertile land and towns, villages, and then sea water. Suddenly receding, or retreating first, sometimes repeatedly, causing huge losses of human life and property.

(e) Red tides. The concept of red tide: Red tide is caused by sudden increase in the value of some tiny phytoplankton, protozoa, or bacteria in seawater under certain environmental conditions, causing seawater discoloration in a certain range of time.

Hazard of red tides: caused by oceanic changes, partial disruption of the marine food chain, threatening the survival of marine life; some red tide organisms excrete in vitro or decompose mucus after death, clamshell sea animals filter and breathe, causing them to suffocate. Or the toxins contained in red tide organisms are caused by fish, shrimp, shellfish, etc., after they are eaten by marine animals. Some of them will cause vertebrates and humans to die of poisoning after eating. In the following sections, we will introduce several common natural disasters with large area of ​​damage and introduce some disaster prevention and relief measures.

Other disasters

In addition to earthquakes, floods, typhoons, plagues and other disasters that have seriously affected our lives and even threatened our lives, we must continue to raise awareness of prevention and strengthen prevention capabilities for lightning, fog, hail and other disasters. This article was first published by China Rescue Equipment Network.