December 7 is the "big snow" solar terms. Heavy snow means that the weather is colder and the possibility of snowfall is even greater. As the saying goes, "Ruixue Zhaofeng Year", the snow covered the earth in the harsh winter, can keep the temperature of the ground and winter crops from falling very low, creating a smooth wintering environment for wintering crops. When the snow melts, the snow water penetrates into the soil and is needed for the crop to grow in the spring and dry season. The content of nitride in snow water is higher than that of ordinary rainwater, and it has certain nutritional effects. Therefore, there will be more snow in the snowy season, and the snow will predict the harvest in the coming year. The farmer’s cloud “three beds in this year, and the pillows in the next year sleep”.

During the snowy season, the average temperature in the northeast and northwest regions dropped below -10 °C; in the Yellow River Basin and North China, the temperature stabilized below 0 °C, where winter wheat stopped growing; winter wheat and rapeseed remained in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Slowly growing, in order to safely lay the foundation for their safe wintering and spring growth, the fertilizer can be properly applied according to local conditions. The weather is cold during the snowy season. Although both the field crops and the open field vegetables are in winter, the production of greenhouse vegetables in various places is in a busy season. Because greenhouse vegetables are a high-yield, high-efficiency intensive production method, they have the characteristics of high input and fertilization. Experts believe that in order to promote the healthy growth of vegetables in order to promote the healthy growth of vegetables, it is reasonable to apply more fertilizer in the greenhouse vegetable production than the open vegetables. However, the current status quo is that the amount of fertilizer is generally too large, and there is also an imbalance in the proportion of nutrients, such as diazo, phosphorus, light potassium, calcium, and boron. This kind of blind fertilization caused a certain degree of secondary salinization in some greenhouse soils, which not only affected the normal growth, yield and quality of vegetables, but also shortened the utilization period of greenhouses. Therefore, in the greenhouse fertilization, first, pay attention to appropriate amount of fertilization and balanced fertilization, save fertilizer costs, control excessive application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, to ensure high yield, quality, efficiency and sustainability of vegetable production.

Second, we must cooperate with irrigation and fertilization. Irrigation in greenhouses should be carried out in small quantities. If large-scale irrigation is used, it will inevitably carry a lot of fertilization. The irrigation water will take away the fertilizers and the calcium, magnesium and substitutional ammonium in the surface soil, which will accelerate the greenhouse. Acidification and compaction of the soil.

Third, the topdressing of greenhouse vegetables often uses the method of fertilization. The fertilization can achieve the combination of water and fertilizer, and the fertilizer effect is fast. However, it is necessary to master the fertilizer used for flushing fertilizers to be completely water-soluble. The nutrient types should be mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, and the phosphate fertilizers should be less washed. In order to prevent salt concentration stress on vegetables, ammonium chloride and potassium chloride should not be used as much as possible. At the same time, it is necessary to control the amount of fertilizer applied each time. Taking nitrogen fertilizer as an example, the amount of pure nitrogen should be 3-5 kg/mu, preferably not more than 5 kg. In the technique of flushing, the water and fertilizer are required to be properly distributed, evenly distributed, and not burned. Greenhouse vegetables should not be applied with phosphate fertilizer. A small amount of root irrigation can be used. Roots with phosphorus and potassium can promote root development, and can also combine avermectin and other ingredients to reduce the incidence of severe rickets.

Fourth, carbon dioxide fertilization is an auxiliary stimulation measure for greenhouse vegetables. Increase the yield of vegetables by increasing the principle of photosynthesis. In the application technique, it is necessary to grasp the time of fertilization and the concentration of carbon dioxide. Winter temperatures are low and the application time should be longer. The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed varies with different growth stages. For example, the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by cucumber during the flowering period and the initial stage of the fruit increase sharply, and the application effect is better.

Fifth, in recent years, greenhouse vegetables are prone to physiological diseases such as cracked fruit and soft rot, which affect the quality of the products. Therefore, it is recommended to apply trace element fertilizers in the middle and late stages of growth of vegetables, especially fruits and vegetables. The main components are calcium, boron and magnesium. . The method of root dressing is adopted. The fertilizer type can be selected as single or composite type, but do not choose the full-fill liquid fertilizer.
Author: Cao Yiping (The author is a senior consultant Sinochem fertilizer, China Agricultural University)
Source: Farmers Daily
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